Intestinal barrier is a dynamic interface between the body and the ingested food components, however, dietary components or xenobiotics could compromise intestinal integrity, causing health risks to the host. Gossypol, a toxic component in cottonseed meal (CSM), caused intestinal injury in fish or other monogastric animals. It has been demonstrated that probiotics administration benefits the intestinal barrier integrity, but the efficacy of probiotics in maintaining intestinal health when the host is exposed to gossypol remains unclear. Here, a strain (YC) affiliated to Pediococcus pentosaceus was isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its potential to repair gossypol-induced intestinal damage was evaluated. A total of 270 Nile tilapia (2.20 ± 0.02 g) were allotted in 3 groups with 3 tanks each and fed with 3 diets including CON (control diet), GOS (control diet containing 300 mg/kg gossypol) and GP (control diet containing 300 mg/kg gossypol and 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g P. pentosaceus YC), respectively. After 10 weeks, addition of P. pentosaceus YC restored growth retardation and intestinal injury induced by gossypol in Nile tilapia. Transcriptome analysis and siRNA interference experiments demonstrated that NOD-like receptors (NLR) family caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain containing 3 (Nlrc3) inhibition might promote intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, as well as maintaining gut barrier integrity. 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that addition of P. pentosaceus YC altered the composition of gut microbiota and increased the content of propionate in fish gut. In vitro studies on propionate’s function demonstrated that it suppressed nlrc3 expression and promoted wound healing in Caco-2 cell model. The present study reveals that P. pentosaceus YC has the capacity to ameliorate intestinal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota composition and elevating propionate level. This finding offers a promising strategy for the feed industry to incorporate cottonseed meal into fish feed formulations.

中文翻译：

---

益生菌戊糖片球菌通过增加尼罗罗非鱼的丙酸盐含量来恢复棉酚引起的肠道屏障损伤

肠道屏障是身体和摄入食物成分之间的动态界面，然而，饮食成分或外源物质可能会损害肠道完整性，给宿主带来健康风险。棉酚是棉籽粕 (CSM) 中的一种有毒成分，可引起鱼类或其他单胃动物的肠道损伤。已证明，益生菌的施用有益于肠道屏障的完整性，但当宿主暴露于棉酚时，益生菌在维持肠道健康方面的功效仍不清楚。在这里，从尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的肠道中分离出属于戊糖片球菌的菌株（YC），并评估了其修复棉酚引起的肠道损伤的潜力。总共 270 尾尼罗罗非鱼（2.20 ± 0.02 g）被分配为 3 组，每组 3 个池，饲喂 3 种饲料，包括 CON（对照饲料）、GOS（含有 300 mg/kg 棉酚的对照饲料）和 GP（含有 300 mg/kg 棉酚的对照饲料）分别为 300 mg/kg 棉酚和 108 菌落形成单位 (CFU)/g P. pentosaceus YC)。 10周后，添加戊糖P. pentosaceus YC可恢复尼罗罗非鱼由棉酚引起的生长迟缓和肠道损伤。转录组分析和 siRNA 干扰实验表明，含有 3 (Nlrc3) 抑制的 NOD 样受体 (NLR) 家族 caspase 募集结构域 (CARD) 结构域可能促进肠道干细胞 (ISC) 增殖，并维持肠道屏障完整性。 16S rRNA 测序和气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 表明，戊糖丙酸杆菌 YC 的添加改变了肠道微生物群的组成，并增加了鱼肠道中丙酸盐的含量。丙酸盐功能的体外研究表明，它可以抑制 Caco-2 细胞模型中 nlrc3 的表达并促进伤口愈合。本研究表明，戊糖丙酸杆菌 YC 能够通过调节肠道微生物群组成和提高丙酸水平来改善肠道屏障损伤。这一发现为饲料行业将棉籽粕纳入鱼饲料配方中提供了一个有前途的策略。