Self-assembly processes triggered by physical or chemical driving forces have been applied to fabricate hierarchical materials with subtle nanostructures. However, various physicochemical processes often interfere with each other, and their precise control has remained a great challenge. Here, in this paper, a rational synthesis of 1D magnetite-chain and mesoporous-silica-nanorod (Fe₃O₄&mSiO₂) branched magnetic nanochains via a physical–chemical coupling coassembly approach is reported. Magnetic-field-induced assembly of magnetite Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and isotropic/anisotropic assembly of mesoporous silica are coupled to obtain the delicate 1D branched magnetic mesoporous nanochains. The nanochains with a length of 2–3 µm in length are composed of aligned Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂ nanospheres with a diameter of 150 nm and sticked-out 300 nm long mSiO₂ branches. By properly coordinating the multiple assembly processes, the density and length of mSiO₂ branches can well be adjusted. Because of the unique rough surface and length in correspondence to bacteria, the designed 1D Fe₃O₄&mSiO₂ branched magnetic nanochains show strong bacterial adhesion and pressuring ability, performing bacterial inhibition over 60% at a low concentration (15 µg mL⁻¹). This cooperative coassembly strategy deepens the understanding of the micro-nanoscale assembly process and lays a foundation for the preparation of the assembly with adjustable surface structures and the subsequent construction of complex multilevel structures.

中文翻译：

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表面粗糙度可调的支化磁性介孔纳米链的物理化学耦合共组装方法

由物理或化学驱动力触发的自组装过程已被应用于制造具有微妙纳米结构的分层材料。然而，各种物理化学过程经常相互干扰，其精确控制仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本文报道了通过物理化学耦合共组装方法合理合成一维磁铁矿链和介孔二氧化硅纳米棒（Fe ₃ O ₄ &mSiO ₂ ）支化磁性纳米链。将磁场诱导的磁铁矿 Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒组装和介孔二氧化硅的各向同性/各向异性组装耦合起来，获得精致的一维支化磁性介孔纳米链。长度为2-3 µm的纳米链由直径为150 nm的对齐的Fe ₃ O ₄ @mSiO ₂纳米球和伸出的300 nm长的mSiO ₂分支组成。通过适当协调多个组装过程，可以很好地调节mSiO ₂分支的密度和长度。由于独特的粗糙表面和与细菌对应的长度，设计的1D Fe ₃ O ₄ &mSiO _{2支化磁性纳米链表现出很强的细菌粘附和加压能力，在低浓度（15 µg mL} ^-1）下对细菌的抑制率超过60% 。这种协同共组装策略加深了对微纳尺度组装过程的理解，为制备可调节表面结构的组装以及后续复杂多层结构的构建奠定了基础。