To investigate the cracking behavior in the evaporation process of the soil surface with biochar as an additive, five experimental groups were established in the natural environment with 0, 12, 60, 120, and 170 g·kg⁻¹ biochar. The results of an investigation on organic matter and aggregations indicate that a high content of biochar can significantly improve the content of organic matter and the amount of soil aggregates. After adding 60 and 170 g·kg⁻¹ biochar, the content of organic matter increased by 19.47% and 84.12%, respectively, and the content of soil aggregates with an average diameter greater than 0.25 mm increased by 16.43% and 38.20%, respectively. The investigation also examines the evaporation and cracking characteristics of soils that contain biochar. The rate of evaporation is approximately a “step” type function with time. The rate of evaporation is observed in three stages: the rapid, decelerating, and final evaporation stages. In the rapid evaporation stage, the initial evaporation rate of the sample that contains biochar is increased on average by 46%. The fractal dimension and cracks rate are decreased by 22.95% and 20.99% with 120 g·kg⁻¹ biochar addition. This means that the increase of soil organic matter after adding biochar plays a crucial role in the stability of aggregates. As a soil conditioner, biochar has the ability to enhance soil water retention capacity and is a sustainable strategy to improve soil properties.

中文翻译：

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秸秆生物炭土壤结构、蒸发和干裂研究

为了研究生物炭作为添加剂在土壤表面蒸发过程中的开裂行为，在自然环境中设立5个实验组，分别添加0、12、60、120和170 g·kg ^-1生物炭。对有机质和团聚体的调查结果表明，高含量的生物炭可以显着提高土壤有机质含量和团聚体数量。添加60和170 g·kg ^-1生物炭后，有机质含量分别增加19.47%和84.12%，平均直径大于0.25 mm的土壤团聚体含量分别增加16.43%和38.20% 。该调查还检查了含有生物炭的土壤的蒸发和开裂特征。蒸发速率近似为随时间的“阶跃”函数。蒸发速率分为三个阶段：快速蒸发阶段、减速蒸发阶段和最终蒸发阶段。在快速蒸发阶段，含有生物炭的样品的初始蒸发率平均提高了46%。添加120 g·kg ^-1生物炭后，分形维数和裂纹率分别降低了22.95%和20.99% 。这意味着添加生物炭后土壤有机质的增加对团聚体的稳定性起着至关重要的作用。作为土壤改良剂，生物炭具有增强土壤保水能力的能力，是改善土壤性质的可持续策略。