This paper presents a sponge-based electrochemical sensor for rapid, on-site collection and analysis of infectious viruses on solid surfaces. The device utilizes a conducting porous sponge modified with graphene, graphene oxide, and specific antibodies. The sponge serves as a hydrophilic porous electrode capable of liquid collection and electrochemical measurements. The device operation involves spraying an aqueous solution on a target surface, swiping the misted surface using the sponge, discharging an electrolyte solution with a simple finger press, and performing in situ incubation and electrochemical measurements. By leveraging the water-absorbing ability of the biofunctionalized conducting sponge, the sensor can effectively collect and quantify virus particles from the surface. The portability of the device is enhanced by introducing a push-release feature that dispenses the liquid electrolyte from a miniature reservoir onto the sensor surface. This reservoir has sharp edges to rupture a liquid sealing film with a finger press. The ability of the device to sample and quantify viral particles is demonstrated by using influenza A virus as the model. The sensor provided a calculated limit of detection of 0.4 TCID50/mL for H1N1 virus, along with a practical concentration range from 1–10⁶ TCID50/mL. Additionally, it achieves a 15% collection efficiency from single-run swiping on a tabletop surface. This versatile device allows for convenient on-site virus detection within minutes, eliminating the need for sample pretreatment and simplifying the entire sample collecting and measuring process. This device presents significant potential for rapid virus detection on solid surfaces.

中文翻译：

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使用结合指压流体释放的海绵病毒传感器对固体表面上的病毒颗粒进行现场采样和检测

本文提出了一种基于海绵的电化学传感器，用于快速现场收集和分析固体表面上的传染性病毒。该装置采用了用石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和特异性抗体修饰的导电多孔海绵。海绵用作亲水性多孔电极，能够进行液体收集和电化学测量。该设备的操作包括将水溶液喷洒在目标表面上，使用海绵擦拭雾状表面，通过简单的手指按压排出电解质溶液，以及进行原位孵育和电化学测量。通过利用生物功能化导电海绵的吸水能力，传感器可以有效地收集和量化表面的病毒颗粒。通过引入推式释放功能，将液体电解质从微型储液器分配到传感器表面上，增强了设备的便携性。该储液器具有锋利的边缘，用手指按压即可破裂液体密封膜。通过使用甲型流感病毒作为模型，证明了该设备对病毒颗粒进行采样和定量的能力。该传感器计算得出的 H1N1 病毒检测限为 0.4 TCID50/mL，实际浓度范围为 1–10 ⁶ TCID50/mL。此外，它在桌面上单次滑动可实现 15% 的收集效率。这种多功能设备可以在几分钟内方便地进行现场病毒检测，无需样品预处理，并简化了整个样品收集和测量过程。该装置在固体表面上快速检测病毒具有巨大的潜力。