This study examined the effects of three Bacillus strains and one Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain on nitrogen transformation and microbial communities in pig and chicken manure compost. The findings revealed that the use of compound microbial inoculants increased the compost temperature, accelerated moisture reduction, enhanced cellulase activity, and stimulated the accumulation of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, and total nitrogen (TN), resulting in a 9% increase in TN content. The abundance of Firmicutes decreased by 3.95% at the maturation phase, while Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased by 1.64% and 1.85%, respectively. Inoculation led to an increase in amoA, nxrA and nifH gene copy numbers, while simultaneously reducing the abundance of nirK, nosZ and nirS genes. It also resulted in an increase in functional enzyme levels, specifically nif and amo, with a corresponding decrease in nor. Clostridium, Phascolarctobacterium, Eubacterium and Faecalibacterium from the class Clostridium, which have a significant correlation with nifH and nxrA genes, suggest their likely crucial role in nitrogen retention and fixation. Inoculation aided in the removal of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) like fluoroquinolones, nucleosides and nitroimidazole. This study provides effective theoretical support for the mechanism of nitrogen retention and fixation, and for improving the quality of compost.

中文翻译：

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畜禽粪便堆肥过程中接种对氮转化和微生物群落的调控

本研究考察了三种芽孢杆菌菌株和一种酿酒酵母菌株对猪粪和鸡粪堆肥中氮转化和微生物群落的影响。研究结果表明，复合微生物菌剂的使用提高了堆肥温度，加速了水分降低，增强了纤维素酶活性，并刺激了NH ₄ ⁺ -N、NO ₃ ⁻ -N和总氮（TN）的积累，导致TN含量增加9%。成熟期厚壁菌门的丰度下降了3.95%，而放线菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度分别增加了1.64%和1.85%。接种导致amoA、nxrA和nifH基因拷贝数增加，同时减少nirK、nosZ和nirS基因的丰度。它还导致功能酶水平增加，特别是 nif 和 amo，同时 Nor 相应减少。梭状芽孢杆菌纲的梭状芽孢杆菌、囊状杆菌、真杆菌和粪杆菌与nifH和nxrA基因具有显着相关性，表明它们可能在氮保留和固定中发挥关键作用。接种有助于清除病原菌和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)，如氟喹诺酮类、核苷和硝基咪唑。该研究为氮保留和固定机制、提高堆肥品质提供了有效的理论支持。