Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome poses a serious risk for sexual HIV-1 transmission. Prevotella spp. are abundant during vaginal dysbiosis and associated with enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effect of vaginal bacteria on HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells. Notably, pre-exposure to Prevotella timonensis enhanced HIV-1 uptake by vaginal T cells, leading to increased viral fusion and enhanced virus production. Pre-exposure to antiretroviral inhibitors abolished Prevotella timonensis-enhanced infection. Hence, our study shows that the vaginal microbiome directly affects mucosal CD4+ T cell susceptibility, emphasising importance of vaginal dysbiosis diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

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与阴道生态失调相关的普雷沃氏菌增强阴道 CD4+ T 细胞的 HIV-1 易感性

阴道微生物群失调给 HIV-1 性传播带来严重风险。普雷沃菌属在阴道生态失调期间含量丰富，并与 HIV-1 易感性增强相关；然而，根本机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们研究了阴道细菌对阴道 CD4+ T 细胞的 HIV-1 敏感性的直接影响。值得注意的是，预先接触蒂莫内普雷沃菌会增强阴道 T 细胞对 HIV-1 的摄取，从而导致病毒融合增加并增强病毒产量。预先暴露于抗逆转录病毒抑制剂可消除蒂莫尼普雷沃氏菌增强的感染。因此，我们的研究表明阴道微生物组直接影响粘膜 CD4+ T 细胞的敏感性，强调了阴道菌群失调诊断和治疗的重要性。