Phage viruses shape the evolution and virulence of their bacterial hosts. The Salmonella enterica genome encodes several stress-inducible prophages. The Gifsy-1 prophage terminase protein, whose canonical function is to process phage DNA for packaging in the virus head, unexpectedly acts as a transfer ribonuclease (tRNase) under oxidative stress, cleaving the anticodon loop of tRNA Leu . The ensuing RNA fragmentation compromises bacterial translation, intracellular survival, and recovery from oxidative stress in the vertebrate host. S. enterica adapts to this transfer RNA (tRNA) fragmentation by transcribing the RNA repair Rtc system. The counterintuitive translational arrest provided by tRNA cleavage may subvert prophage mobilization and give the host an opportunity for repair as a way of maintaining bacterial genome integrity and ultimately survival in animals.

中文翻译：

---

具有 tRNase 活性的原噬菌体终止酶使肠沙门氏菌对氧化应激敏感

噬菌体病毒决定其细菌宿主的进化和毒力。这肠沙门氏菌基因组编码几种应激诱导的前噬菌体。 Gifsy-1原噬菌体终止酶蛋白的典型功能是处理噬菌体DNA以包装在病毒头部，但它在氧化应激下意外地充当转移核糖核酸酶（tRNase），裂解tRNA的反密码子环亮氨酸。随后的 RNA 断裂会影响细菌翻译、细胞内存活以及脊椎动物宿主从氧化应激中恢复。肠沙门氏菌通过转录 RNA 修复 Rtc 系统来适应这种转移 RNA (tRNA) 片段化。tRNA 裂解提供的违反直觉的翻译停滞可能会破坏原噬菌体动员，并为宿主提供修复机会，作为维持细菌基因组完整性并最终在动物中生存的一种方式。