To identify specific markers indicative of macular neural and microvascular alterations in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) without clinically observable retinopathy. Prospective cross-sectional study. Using the PLEX Elite 9000, all eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) angiography. Quantitative analysis of acquired images compared macular neural and microvascular alterations in T2DM patients without retinopathy to age-matched controls. Precise assessments encompassed measuring the thickness of each individual retinal layer and evaluating macular vascular indices within different capillary plexuses. Forty-nine T2DM patients and 51 age-matched controls participated. T2DM patients exhibited a significant reduction in the mean macular thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) (82.5 ± 5.5 µm vs 86.2 ± 5.0 µm, = .001) and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (45.8 ± 3.0 µm vs 48.1 ± 3.7 µm, = .001). Furthermore, macular full retinal thickness was significantly lower in diabetic eyes than controls (324.9 ± 16.3 µm vs 332.8 ± 13.7 µm, = .009). Vascular measurements revealed subtle changes in macular vascular skeleton density within the total capillary plexuses in T2DM patients (0.132 ± 0.005 vs 0.135 ± 0.005, = .019). Metrics derived from SS-OCT, particularly macular RNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses, emerged as superior indicators for the early detection of diabetic retinal disease in individuals with T2DM without clinically observable retinopathy. Further investigations are warranted to comprehensively understand the clinical implications of these findings.

中文翻译：

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无视网膜病变的 2 型糖尿病的黄斑神经和微血管改变：SS-OCT 研究

旨在鉴定无临床可观察到的视网膜病变的 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 个体黄斑神经和微血管改变的特异性标志物。前瞻性横断面研究。使用 PLEX Elite 9000，对所有眼睛进行扫源光学相干断层扫描 (SS-OCT) 血管造影。对获得的图像进行定量分析，将无视网膜病变的 T2DM 患者与年龄匹配的对照组的黄斑神经和微血管改变进行比较。精确评估包括测量每个视网膜层的厚度并评估不同毛细血管丛内的黄斑血管指数。 49 名 T2DM 患者和 51 名年龄匹配的对照参加了研究。 T2DM 患者的黄斑神经节细胞内丛状层 (GC-IPL) 平均厚度 (82.5 ± 5.5 µm vs 86.2 ± 5.0 µm, = 0.001) 和黄斑视网膜神经纤维层 (RNFL) (45.8 ± 3.0 µm 与 48.1 ± 3.7 µm，= .001）。此外，糖尿病眼的黄斑全视网膜厚度显着低于对照组（324.9 ± 16.3 µm vs 332.8 ± 13.7 µm，= .009）。血管测量揭示了 T2DM 患者总毛细血管丛内黄斑血管骨骼密度的细微变化（0.132 ± 0.005 vs 0.135 ± 0.005，= 0.019）。源自 SS-OCT 的指标，特别是黄斑 RNFL 和 GC-IPL 厚度，成为早期检测无临床可观察到的视网膜病变的 T2DM 患者糖尿病视网膜病变的优质指标。有必要进行进一步的研究以全面了解这些发现的临床意义。