One direction to mitigate membrane fouling is to create anti-fouling photocatalytic membranes. The photocatalysts’ hydrophilicity reduces the interaction of the membrane with hydrophobic foulants and the photocatalysis decomposes membrane fouling. Another noteworthy point is that PMS (peroxymonosulfate) can be activated by photocatalysts to decompose foulants and membrane fouling more intensely. The CuO/TiO was prepared by deposition of Cu(OH) onto TiO followed by heat treatments. Their catalytic performances were tested by the degradation of Acid Blue 260 by photocatalysis and PMS activation. The best CuO/TiO was then coated onto PVDF membranes through a PAA binding layer. Their antifouling performance was examined through simulated foulants such as sodium alginate. The photocatalysts and membranes were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, BET, UV–Vis DRS, XPS, ESR, and AFM. The CuO/TiO possessed a lower bandgap, high surface area (60.7 m/g), and low particle sizes (30–60 nm). The 25%CuO/TiO possesses the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 39.0% under UV irradiation; further PMS activation caused the removal efficiency to reach 90.0%. The degradation efficiency by the membrane was 100% after five cycles. The membranes indicated a decrease of 18.9% in water flux but remained very high. The membrane flux recovery ratio (FRR) was 98.8%.

中文翻译：

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PVDF 膜上涂​​覆 CuO/TiO2 光催化剂引起的光催化和 PMS 活化，以减轻膜污染

减轻膜污染的方向之一是制造防污光催化膜。光催化剂的亲水性减少了膜与疏水性污垢的相互作用，光催化分解了膜污垢。另一个值得注意的点是，PMS（过一硫酸盐）可以被光催化剂激活，更强烈地分解污垢和膜污染。 CuO/TiO 是通过将 Cu(OH) 沉积到 TiO 上然后进行热处理来制备的。通过光催化和 PMS 活化降解 Acid Blue 260 来测试它们的催化性能。然后通过 PAA 粘合层将最好的 CuO/TiO 涂覆到 PVDF 膜上。通过模拟污垢物（例如海藻酸钠）检查它们的防污性能。使用 FTIR、SEM-EDS、TEM、XRD、BET、UV-Vis DRS、XPS、ESR 和 AFM 对光催化剂和膜进行了表征。 CuO/TiO 具有较低的带隙、较高的表面积 (60.7 m/g) 和较低的粒径 (30–60 nm)。 25%CuO/TiO在紫外光照射下具有最高的光催化降解效率，达到39.0%；进一步激活PMS使去除效率达到90.0%。 5次循环后膜的降解效率为100%。膜的水通量下降了 18.9%，但仍然很高。膜通量恢复率(FRR)为98.8%。