Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is based on EK concepts that can successfully remove heavy metals (HMs) from soil. Traditional EK remediation is limited by focusing effect, electrode polarization, soil acidification/alkalization, and other variables. Thus, many enhanced technologies have been studied to improve EK remediation. This review systematically summarizes the progress of research on enhanced technologies for EK remediation by optimizing EK system key components (ion exchange membranes, electrodes, electrolytes, and power supply), and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology were also compared. Specifically, appropriate electrode materials with high conductivity and EK activity positively influence HMs removal during the EK process. The arrangement of electrode matrix, electrode exchange, and electrode approaching significantly impact HMs removal efficiency and energy consumption cost. Additionally, selecting suitable electrolytes can enhance the dissolution of soil HMs to improve the remediation rate. AC is not commonly used for HMs removal but can effectively combine with phytoremediation techniques. Furthermore, we summarize the application of EK remediation on a field scale and the effects of EK remediation on soil resilience. Finally, we propose the following research prospects: (1) the development of enhanced technology should be based on practical considerations for application on a field scale, (2) soil resilience should be an important indicator for the evaluation of EK remediation, and (3) variation of HMs fraction before and after EK remediation need to be concerned.

中文翻译：

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增强电动技术修复重金属污染土壤：综述

动电 (EK) 修复基于 EK 概念，可以成功去除土壤中的重金属 (HM)。传统的EK修复受到聚焦效应、电极极化、土壤酸化/碱化和其他变量的限制。因此，人们研究了许多增强技术来改善 EK 修复。本文通过优化EK系统关键部件（离子交换膜、电极、电解质和电源），系统总结了EK修复强化技术的研究进展，并比较了各技术的优缺点。具体而言，具有高电导率和 EK 活性的合适电极材料会对 EK 过程中 HMs 的去除产生积极影响。电极矩阵的排列、电极交换和电极接近显着影响重金属去除效率和能耗成本。此外，选择合适的电解质可以增强土壤重金属的溶解，从而提高修复率。 AC 并不常用于去除重金属，但可以与植物修复技术有效结合。此外，我们总结了 EK 修复在田间规模的应用以及 EK 修复对土壤恢复力的影响。最后，我们提出以下研究展望：（1）增强技术的发展应基于现场规模应用的实际考虑，（2）土壤恢复力应成为评价EK修复的重要指标，（3） ) 需要关注 EK 修复前后 HMs 分数的变化。