Several cities built along the waterfront are also accompanied by mountainous backgrounds, and thus have characteristic panoramas contributing to their visual image and identity. However, urban waterfronts are also often subject to high-rise development, which may damage that identity by shielding the mountainous background. Building regulations are adopted as visual impact management policies to retain mountain visibility, but it is difficult to find either scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of such private property control or further empirical guidance for its elaboration. Through a case study of Seoul's Han River, this study thus analyzed the actual impact of relevant building characteristics on the visual preference of urban waterfront views with mountainous backgrounds. Immersive virtual reality experiments using both actual and simulated cityscape images were conducted. Hierarchical linear regression and quasi-rank-based conjoint analysis results confirm that controls on buildings to retain background mountain visibility would actually serve as reasonable visual impact management measures. Insights into what kinds of regulation could be desirable in which circumstances were further obtained—excessively high buildings are especially unrecommended when the height of the background mountain is low, and in all cases a combination of view corridors with convex skylines are advisable for mitigating the negative impacts of mid-to-high building heights.

中文翻译：

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城市滨水区开发对山景背景的视觉影响控制：通过两种沉浸式虚拟现实实验检验其合理性

一些沿水而建的城市也以山地为背景，因此具有独特的全景，有助于其视觉形象和身份。然而，城市滨水区也经常受到高层建筑开发的影响，这可能会因为遮挡山区背景而损害其身份。建筑法规被采用作为视觉影响管理政策，以保持山体的可见度，但很难找到科学证据来支持这种私有财产控制的有效性，也很难找到进一步的实证指导来详细说明。本研究通过对首尔汉江的案例研究，分析了相关建筑特征对山地背景的城市滨水景观视觉偏好的实际影响。使用实际和模拟的城市景观图像进行了沉浸式虚拟现实实验。分层线性回归和基于准排序的联合分析结果证实，对建筑物进行控制以保留背景山的可见度实际上可以作为合理的视觉影响管理措施。进一步了解了在何种情况下需要什么样的监管——当背景山的高度较低时，特别不推荐过高的建筑，并且在所有情况下，建议将景观走廊与凸形天际线相结合，以减轻负面影响中高层建筑高度的影响。