There is increasing demand worldwide to develop diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) markers for prostate cancer. One target of interest is prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein which is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells. Over the past decade, a growing body of literature has demonstrated that radiolabeled ligands that target PSMA show favorable clinical response and survival outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer. This focused review provides background to the development of PSMA as a target, an overview of key studies informing our current approach to radioligand-based imaging and therapy for prostate cancer, and a model for real-world implementation of PSMA theranostics based on an Australian experience.

© RSNA, 2024

全世界对开发前列腺癌诊断和治疗（治疗诊断）标记物的需求不断增长。一个感兴趣的目标是前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA），这是一种在前列腺癌细胞中过度表达的蛋白质。在过去的十年中，越来越多的文献表明，针对 PSMA 的放射性标记配体在晚期前列腺癌患者中显示出良好的临床反应和生存结果。这篇重点综述提供了 PSMA 作为靶标的发展背景、对我们目前基于放射性配体的前列腺癌成像和治疗方法的关键研究的概述，以及基于澳大利亚经验的 PSMA 治疗诊断在现实世界中实施的模型。

© 北美放射学会，2024