Immunotherapy is a therapeutic modality designed to elicit or augment an immune response against malignancies. Despite the immune system's ability to detect and eradicate neoplastic cells, certain neoplastic cells can elude immune surveillance and elimination through diverse mechanisms. Therefore, antitumor immunotherapy has emerged as a propitious strategy. Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death (PCD) regulated by Gasdermin (GSDM), is associated with cytomembrane rupture due to continuous cell expansion, which results in the release of cellular contents that can trigger robust inflammatory and immune responses. The field of nanomedicine has made promising progress, enabling the application of nanotechnology to enhance the effectiveness and specificity of cancer therapy by potentiating, enabling, or augmenting pyroptosis. In this review, we comprehensively examine the paradigms underlying antitumor immunity, particularly paradigms related to nanotherapeutics combined with pyroptosis; these treatments include chemotherapy (CT), hyperthermia therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), ion-interference therapy (IIT), biomimetic therapy, and combination therapy. Furthermore, we thoroughly discuss the coordinated mechanisms that regulate these paradigms. This review is expected to enhance the understanding of the interplay between pyroptosis and antitumor immunotherapy, broaden the utilization of diverse nanomaterials in pyroptosis-based antitumor immunotherapy, and facilitate advancements in clinical tumor therapy.

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纳米药物诱导细胞焦亡增强抗肿瘤免疫治疗

免疫疗法是一种旨在引发或增强针对恶性肿瘤的免疫反应的治疗方式。尽管免疫系统能够检测和根除肿瘤细胞，但某些肿瘤细胞可以通过多种机制逃避免疫监视和消除。因此，抗肿瘤免疫治疗已成为一种有利的策略。细胞焦亡是一种由 Gasdermin (GSDM) 调节的程序性细胞死亡 (PCD)，与细胞持续扩张导致的细胞膜破裂有关，细胞膜破裂导致细胞内容物释放，从而引发强烈的炎症和免疫反应。纳米医学领域已经取得了有希望的进展，使得纳米技术的应用能够通过增强、实现或增强细胞焦亡来提高癌症治疗的有效性和特异性。在这篇综述中，我们全面研究了抗肿瘤免疫的基础范式，特别是与纳米疗法与细胞焦亡相结合相关的范式；这些治疗包括化疗（CT）、热疗、光动力疗法（PDT）、化学动力疗法（CDT）、离子干扰疗法（IIT）、仿生疗法和联合疗法。此外，我们深入讨论了调节这些范式的协调机制。该综述有望增强对焦亡与抗肿瘤免疫治疗之间相互作用的理解，扩大多种纳米材料在基于焦亡的抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用，并促进临床肿瘤治疗的进步。