Slow-moving subaqueous landslides (SMSL) have been recognised in many studies from seafloor bathymetric and seismic data, based on shared morphological characteristics with slow-moving subaerial landslides. SMSL are considered a significant geohazard based on results from previous research studies, and the number of studies on these mass movements is actively growing. Since their initial discovery forty years ago, many morphological characteristics have been considered appropriate SMSL identification criteria. However, SMSL vary in their shape, geophysical properties and emplacement processes. Despite this variety, many SMSL studies use the same nomenclature for different processes and products, and a unified classification scheme, defining the different types of SMSL processes and morphological characteristics, has not been established. In the present study, a process-based classification scheme is proposed based on a review of the published literature comprising more than fifty studies from the past forty years. Four distinct SMSL process classes (creep, spread, slow flank slump and slow mudflow) can be inferred from the morphological characteristics and geometrical relationships of thirty-two SMSL examples observed in bathymetry and seismic data (2D and 3D). Internal block character (shape, distribution and relative position, side alignment), lateral variations in seismic facies, fault geometry and transport direction are the main aspects characterising deformation style of SMSLs. Different SMSL classes can coexist in a same depositional environment. However, observations suggest that SMSL classes are not end members of a spectrum and do not appear to evolve into one another. Instead, it may be shown that at least two of these classes (creep and lateral spread) have their own evolutionary pattern of deformation development, affecting the variability of the morphological characteristics of their deposits.

中文翻译：

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识别地震和测深数据集中缓慢移动的水下滑坡的指南

基于与缓慢移动的水下滑坡共同的形态特征，许多研究从海底测深和地震数据中认识到了缓慢移动的水下滑坡（SMSL）。根据之前的研究结果，SMSL 被认为是一种重大地质灾害，并且关于这些大规模运动的研究数量正在积极增长。自从四十年前首次发现以来，许多形态特征已被认为是适当的 SMSL 识别标准。然而，SMSL 的形状、地球物理特性和就位过程各不相同。尽管存在这种多样性，许多 SMSL 研究对不同的过程和产品使用相同的术语，并且尚未建立定义不同类型的 SMSL 过程和形态特征的统一分类方案。在本研究中，基于对过去四十年中五十多项研究的已发表文献的回顾，提出了一种基于过程的分类方案。可以从测深和地震数据（2D 和 3D）中观察到的 32 个 SMSL 实例的形态特征和几何关系推断出四种不同的 SMSL 过程类别（蠕变、扩展、缓慢侧翼塌落和缓慢泥流）。块体内部特征（形状、分布及相对位置、侧面走向）、地震相横向变化、断层几何形状和输导方向是表征SMSL变形类型的主要方面。不同的 SMSL 类别可以共存于同一沉积环境中。然而，观察结果表明，SMSL 类别并不是某个谱系的最终成员，并且似乎不会相互演化。相反，可能会表明，这些类型中至少有两个（蠕变和横向扩展）具有自己的变形发展的进化模式，影响其沉积物形态特征的变异性。