Influenza is an acute, contagious respiratory illness, caused by influenza viruses (IVs), that presents an increasing public health burden (1, 2). IV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus of the Orthomyxovirus genus, characterized with high genetic variability, and has circulated in the human population at least since 1580 (3). IV is classified as A, B, C, and D according to the antigenicity of nucleoproteins (NPs) and matrix (M) proteins in vivo (4). The genome of IV consists of eight ssRNA segments for influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV) and seven ssRNA segments for influenza C virus (ICV). These ssRNA segments are each complexed with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and NP, forming the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) (1), which is packaged into viral particles. IAV and IBV infect humans with high morbidity and mortality, causing severe economic losses (4). Children are the main infection population of ICV, which can cause mild respiratory diseases. There are no reports of influenza D virus (IDV) infection in humans. Seasonal influenza is the main cause of worldwide pandemic flu.

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撤回并转载自：《流感抗病毒药物开发研究现状：临床试验药物和许可药物》

流感是一种由流感病毒 (IV) 引起的急性传染性呼吸道疾病，给公共卫生带来了日益沉重的负担 (1, 2)。 IV 是正粘病毒属的一种负义单链 RNA (ssRNA) 病毒，具有高度遗传变异性，至少自 1580 年以来就在人群中传播 (3)。根据体内核蛋白 (NP) 和基质 (M) 蛋白的抗原性，IV 分为 A、B、C 和 D (4)。 IV 的基因组由甲型和乙型流感病毒（IAV 和 IBV）的 8 个 ssRNA 片段以及丙型流感病毒（ICV）的 7 个 ssRNA 片段组成。这些 ssRNA 片段均与病毒 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶 (RdRp) 和 NP 复合，形成病毒核糖核蛋白 (vRNP) (1)，并包装到病毒颗粒中。 IAV 和 IBV 感染人类，发病率和死亡率很高，造成严重的经济损失 (4)。儿童是ICV的主要感染人群，可引起轻度呼吸道疾病。目前尚无人类感染 D 型流感病毒 (IDV) 的报道。季节性流感是全球流感大流行的主要原因。