The expanded and massive use of antibiotics endows bacteria with the ability to resist almost all kinds of antibiotics, and there is an urgent need to develop efficient alternative therapies with broad-spectrum-killing properties of drug-resistant bacteria. Synergistic antimicrobial means using photodynamic and photothermal forces, which has attracted much attention in recent years. The combination of phototherapy with antibiotics, sonodynamic, gases therapy and nanozymes not only solves the problems of shallow effective depth of interaction, hypoxia at the infection site and inflammation of the body, but also greatly improves the biosafety and the ability to destroy biofilms. At the same time, the development of high surface area, strong stability and high permeability of nanomaterials further broaden the application of synergistic phototherapy. In this article, we discuss the principle and bactericidal properties of various types of multifunctional nanoplatform-based synergistic therapeutics, as well as their recent advances in antimicrobials, anti-biofilms, loading ways, targeting methods, and gene expression. In addition, the various photosensitizer ingredients for antimicrobial therapy were also summarized. We hope this review will shed new light on the future design and applications of advanced synergistic phototherapy for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

中文翻译：

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基于光疗的多功能纳米平台对耐药细菌的协同治疗：进展、进展和挑战

抗生素的扩大和大量使用赋予细菌几乎所有种类抗生素的抵抗能力，迫切需要开发具有广谱杀灭耐药细菌特性的高效替代疗法。协同抗菌是指利用光动力和光热力，近年来备受关注。光疗与抗生素、声动力、气体疗法和纳米酶的结合，不仅解决了有效相互作用深度浅、感染部位缺氧和机体炎症等问题，而且大大提高了生物安全性和破坏生物膜的能力。同时，高比表面积、强稳定性、高渗透性的纳米材料的开发进一步拓宽了协同光疗的应用范围。在本文中，我们讨论了各类基于多功能纳米平台的协同治疗药物的原理和杀菌特性，以及它们在抗菌、抗生物膜、负载方式、靶向方法和基因表达方面的最新进展。此外，还对用于抗菌治疗的各种光敏剂成分进行了总结。我们希望这篇综述能够为针对抗菌药物耐药细菌的先进协同光疗的未来设计和应用提供新的思路。