The development of carbon–neutral fuel sources is an essential step in addressing the global fossil energy crisis. Whole-cell biophotovoltaic systems (BPVs) are a renewable, non-polluting energy-generating device that utilizes oxygenic photosynthetic microbes (OPMs) to split water molecules and generate bioelectricity under the driving of light energy. Since 2006, BPVs have been widely studied, with the order magnitudes of power density increasing from 10 mW/m to 10 mW/m. This review examines the extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanisms and regulation techniques of BPVs from biofilm to external environment. It is found that the EET of OPMs is mainly mediated by membrane proteins, with terminal oxidase limiting the power output. sp. PCC6803 and are two species that produce high power density in BPVs. The use of metal nanoparticles mixing, 3D pillar array electrodes, microfluidic technology, and transient-state operation models can significantly enhance power density. Challenges and potential research directions are discussed, including a deeper analysis of EET mechanisms and dynamics, the development of modular devices, integration of multiple regulatory components, and the exploration of novel BPV technologies.

中文翻译：

---

用于可再生能源发电的全细胞生物光伏系统：对现有知识的系统分析

开发碳中性燃料来源是解决全球化石能源危机的重要一步。全细胞生物光伏系统（BPV）是一种可再生、无污染的能源产生装置，利用含氧光合微生物（OPM）在光能驱动下分裂水分子并产生生物电。自2006年以来，BPV得到了广泛的研究，功率密度的数量级从10 mW/m增加到10 mW/m。本综述探讨了 BPV 从生物膜到外部环境的细胞外电子转移 (EET) 机制和调控技术。研究发现OPMs的EET主要由膜蛋白介导，末端氧化酶限制功率输出。 sp。 PCC6803 和 PCC6803 是在 BPV 中产生高功率密度的两个品种。金属纳米颗粒混合、3D柱阵列电极、微流体技术和瞬态操作模型的使用可以显着提高功率密度。讨论了挑战和潜在的研究方向，包括对 EET 机制和动力学的更深入分析、模块化设备的开发、多个监管组件的集成以及新型 BPV 技术的探索。