The huge economic loss and threat to human health caused by bacterial infection have attracted the public's concern, and there is an urgent need to relieve and improve the tough problem. Therefore, it is significant to establish a facile, rapid, and sensitive method for bacterial detection considering the shortcomings of existing methods. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors have exhibited immense potential and applicability for bacterial detection given their high signal-to-noise ratio and high sensitivity. This review focuses on the development of FRET-based fluorescence assays for bacterial detection. We summarize the principle of FRET-based assays, discuss the commonly used recognition molecules and further introduce three frequent construction strategies. Based on the strategies and materials, relevant applications are presented. Moreover, some restrictions of FRET fluorescence sensors and development prospects are discussed. Suitable donor-acceptor pairs and stable recognition molecules are the essential conditions for sensors to play their roles, and there is still some room for development. Besides, applying FRET fluorescence sensors to point-of-care detection is still difficult. Future developments could focus on near-infrared fluorescent dyes and simultaneous detection of multiple analytes.

中文翻译：

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基于福斯特共振能量转移的细菌检测

细菌感染造成的巨大经济损失和对人类健康的威胁引起了公众的关注，迫切需要缓解和改善这一难题。因此，针对现有方法的缺点，建立一种简便、快速、灵敏的细菌检测方法具有重要意义。基于福斯特共振能量转移 (FRET) 的传感器具有高信噪比和高灵敏度，在细菌检测方面展现出巨大的潜力和适用性。本综述重点关注用于细菌检测的基于 FRET 的荧光测定的开发。我们总结了基于 FRET 的检测原理，讨论了常用的识别分子，并进一步介绍了三种常见的构建策略。基于策略和材料，提出了相关应用。此外，还讨论了FRET荧光传感器的一些限制和发展前景。合适的供体-受体对和稳定的识别分子是传感器发挥作用的必备条件，目前仍有一定的发展空间。此外，将FRET荧光传感器应用于即时检测仍然很困难。未来的发展可能集中在近红外荧光染料和多种分析物的同时检测。