Lithium metal batteries have attracted significant research attention because of their satisfactory specific capacity and low overpotential. However, uneven Li deposition and uncontrolled dendrite growth limit the further development of this technique. In this study, we propose the addition of C₄H₂Cl₂S to the electrolyte to induce Li deposition and inhibit Li dendrite growth. The additive reacts with the surface of the lithium metal anode to promote the decomposition of TFSI^–anionic groups and participate in the film formation reaction, which is confirmed by density functional theory calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. This results in the formation of a dense and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in LiF/LiCl, which enhances interphase reactivity and promotes the flux distribution of lithium ions, significantly facilitating the unimpeded transport of Li⁺ and effectively inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites. Furthermore, the excellent mechanical strength of LiF/LiCl, the key component of the SEI, effectively inhibits the SEI rupture caused by the increase in volume of lithium metal during plating/stripping. The assembled Li||Li battery exhibited a stable cycle of over 2200 h (current density: 1 mA cm^–2, deposition capacity: 1 mAh cm^–2). In addition, the Li–S battery also showed excellent magnification performance and excellent cycle stability; after 500 cycles at 1C, the capacity remained at 659 mAh g^–1. This study provides a simple and convenient method for constructing an SEI with strong mechanical toughness and high flux to improve the cycle stability of lithium metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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原位构建用于锂离子无阻传输的富含 LiF/LiCl 的固体电解质界面

锂金属电池因其令人满意的比容量和低过电位而引起了广泛的研究关注。然而，不均匀的锂沉积和不受控制的枝晶生长限制了该技术的进一步发展。在这项研究中，我们建议在电解质中添加C ₄ H ₂ Cl ₂ S来诱导Li沉积并抑制Li枝晶生长。该添加剂与锂金属负极表面发生反应，促进TFSI-阴离子基团分解并参与成膜反应，这一点得到了密度泛函理论计算和X射线光电子能谱结果的证实^。这导致形成致密且坚固的富含LiF/LiCl的固体电解质界面（SEI），增强界面反应性并促进锂离子的通量分布，显着促进Li ⁺的畅通传输并有效抑制Li的生长树突。此外，SEI的关键成分LiF/LiCl优异的机械强度，有效抑制了电镀/剥离过程中由于锂金属体积增加而导致的SEI破裂。组装的Li||Li电池表现出超过2200小时的稳定循环（电流密度：1 mA cm ^–2，沉积容量：1 mAh cm ^–2）。此外，Li-S电池还表现出优异的倍率性能和优异的循环稳定性； 1C循环500次后，容量仍保持在659 mAh g ^–1。该研究为构建具有强机械韧性和高通量的SEI以提高锂金属电池的循环稳定性提供了一种简单便捷的方法。