Cortical neurogenesis follows a simple lineage: apical radial glia cells (RGCs) generate basal progenitors, and these produce neurons. How this occurs in species with expanded germinal zones and a folded cortex, such as human, remains unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing from individual cortical germinal zones in ferret and barcoded lineage tracking to determine the molecular diversity of progenitor cells and their lineages. We identified multiple RGC classes that initiate parallel lineages, converging onto a common class of newborn neuron. Parallel RGC classes and transcriptomic trajectories were repeated across germinal zones and conserved in ferret and human, but not in mouse. Neurons followed parallel differentiation trajectories in the gyrus and sulcus, with different expressions of human cortical malformation genes. Progenitor cell lineage multiplicity is conserved in the folded mammalian cerebral cortex.

中文翻译：

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发育中的哺乳动物大脑皮层中的多个平行细胞谱系

皮质神经发生遵循一个简单的谱系：顶端放射状胶质细胞（RGC）产生基底祖细胞，这些祖细胞产生神经元。这种现象在生发区扩大和皮质折叠的物种（例如人类）中如何发生仍不清楚。我们使用雪貂单个皮质生发区的单细胞 RNA 测序和条形码谱系追踪来确定祖细胞及其谱系的分子多样性。我们确定了多个 RGC 类别，它们启动平行谱系，汇聚成一个共同类别的新生神经元。平行的 RGC 类别和转录组轨迹在生发区重复，并且在雪貂和人类中保守，但在小鼠中则不然。神经元在脑回和脑沟中遵循平行的分化轨迹，具有不同的人类皮质畸形基因表达。祖细胞谱系的多样性在折叠的哺乳动物大脑皮层中是保守的。