Rapidly rotating fluids have a rotation profile that depends only on the distance from the rotation axis, in accordance with the Taylor-Proudman theorem. Although the Sun was expected to be such a body, helioseismology showed that the rotation rate in the convection zone is closer to constant on radii. It has been postulated that this deviation is due to the poles being warmer than the equator by a few degrees. Using numerical simulations, we show that the pole-to-equator temperature difference cannot exceed 7 kelvin as a result of the back-reaction of the high-latitude baroclinically unstable inertial modes. The observed amplitudes of the modes further indicate that this maximum temperature difference is reached in the Sun. We conclude that the Sun’s latitudinal differential rotation reaches its maximum allowed value.

中文翻译：

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太阳的差异自转是由高纬度斜压不稳定惯性模式控制的

根据泰勒-普劳德曼定理，快速旋转的流体的旋转轮廓仅取决于距旋转轴的距离。尽管太阳被认为是这样的天体，但日震学表明，对流区的旋转速率在半径上更接近恒定。据推测，这种偏差是由于两极比赤道温暖几度。通过数值模拟，我们表明，由于高纬度斜压不稳定惯性模式的反作用，极地到赤道的温差不能超过7开尔文。观测到的模式振幅进一步表明，太阳中达到了最大温差。我们得出结论，太阳的纬度差自转达到了其最大允许值。