Wearable electronics with great breathability enable a comfortable wearing experience and facilitate continuous biosignal monitoring over extended periods^1,2,3. However, current research on permeable electronics is predominantly at the stage of electrode and substrate development, which is far behind practical applications with comprehensive integration with diverse electronic components (for example, circuitry, electronics, encapsulation)^4,5,6,7,8. Achieving permeability and multifunctionality in a singular, integrated wearable electronic system remains a formidable challenge. Here we present a general strategy for integrated moisture-permeable wearable electronics based on three-dimensional liquid diode (3D LD) configurations. By constructing spatially heterogeneous wettability, the 3D LD unidirectionally self-pumps the sweat from the skin to the outlet at a maximum flow rate of 11.6 ml cm⁻² min⁻¹, 4,000 times greater than the physiological sweat rate during exercise, presenting exceptional skin-friendliness, user comfort and stable signal-reading behaviour even under sweating conditions. A detachable design incorporating a replaceable vapour/sweat-discharging substrate enables the reuse of soft circuitry/electronics, increasing its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. We demonstrated this fundamental technology in both advanced skin-integrated electronics and textile-integrated electronics, highlighting its potential for scalable, user-friendly wearable devices.

具有良好透气性的可穿戴电子产品可带来舒适的佩戴体验，并有助于长时间连续监测生物信号^1,2,3。然而，目前可渗透电子学的研究主要处于电极和基板开发阶段，远远落后于与各种电子元件（例如电路、电子、封装）全面集成的实际应用^4,5,6,7,8。在单一集成可穿戴电子系统中实现渗透性和多功能性仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。在这里，我们提出了基于三维液体二极管（3D LD）配置的集成透湿可穿戴电子产品的总体策略。通过构建空间异质润湿性，3D LD将汗水从皮肤单向自泵至出口，最大流速为11.6 ml cm ^-2  min ^-1，是运动时生理出汗率的4000倍，呈现出非凡的皮肤状态-即使在出汗的情况下，友好性、用户舒适度和稳定的信号读取行为。可拆卸设计结合了可更换的蒸汽/汗液排放基板，可以重复使用软电路/电子器件，从而提高其可持续性和成本效益。我们在先进的皮肤集成电子产品和纺织品集成电子产品中展示了这一基本技术，突出了其在可扩展、用户友好的可穿戴设备方面的潜力。