The Metaverse, positioned as the next frontier of the internet, has the ambition to forge a virtual shared realm characterized by immersion, hyper spatiotemporal dynamics, and self-sustainability. Recent technological strides in AI, Extended Reality (XR), 6G, and blockchain propel the Metaverse closer to realization, gradually transforming it from science fiction into an imminent reality. Nevertheless, the extensive deployment of the Metaverse faces substantial obstacles, primarily stemming from its potential to infringe on privacy and be susceptible to security breaches, whether inherent in its underlying technologies or arising from the evolving digital landscape. Metaverse security provisioning is poised to confront various foundational challenges owing to its distinctive attributes, encompassing immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporally, sustainability, and heterogeneity. This paper undertakes a comprehensive study of the security and privacy challenges facing the Metaverse, leveraging Machine Learning (ML) models for this purpose. In particular, our focus centers on an innovative distributed Metaverse architecture characterized by interactions across 3D worlds. Subsequently, we conduct a thorough review of the existing cutting-edge measures designed for Metaverse systems while also delving into the discourse surrounding security and privacy threats. As we contemplate the future of Metaverse systems, we outline directions for open research pursuits in this evolving landscape.

元宇宙被定位为互联网的下一个前沿，它的目标是打造一个以沉浸式、超时空动态和自我可持续性为特征的虚拟共享领域。最近人工智能、扩展现实 (XR)、6G 和区块链方面的技术进步推动元宇宙更接近现实，逐渐将其从科幻小说变成迫在眉睫的现实。然而，元宇宙的广泛部署面临着巨大的障碍，主要源于它可能侵犯隐私并容易受到安全漏洞的影响，无论是其底层技术固有的还是由于不断发展的数字环境而产生的。元界安全配置因其独特的属性，包括沉浸式现实性、超时空性、可持续性和异构性，将面临各种基本挑战。本文利用机器学习 (ML) 模型对 Metaverse 面临的安全和隐私挑战进行了全面研究。我们特别关注创新的分布式 Metaverse 架构，其特点是跨 3D 世界的交互。随后，我们对为 Metaverse 系统设计的现有尖端措施进行了彻底的审查，同时还深入研究了有关安全和隐私威胁的讨论。当我们思考元宇宙系统的未来时，我们概述了在这个不断发展的环境中开放研究追求的方向。