The construction of assays is capable of accurately detecting cytokeratin-19 (CYFRA 21–1), which is critical for the rapid diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on the co-reaction promotion of luminol@Au@Ni–Co nanocages (NCs) as ECL probe by Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@TiO₂–MoS₂ hybrids as co-reaction accelerator was proposed to detect CYFRA 21–1. Ni–Co NCs, as a derivative of Prussian blue analogs, can be loaded with large quantities of Au NPs, luminol, and CYFRA 21–1 secondary antibodies due to their high specific surface area. To further improve the sensitivity of the developed ECL immunosensor, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@TiO₂–MoS₂ hybrids were prepared by in situ growth of TiO₂ nanosheets on highly conductive Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, and MoS₂ was homogeneously grown on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@TiO₂ surfaces by the hydrothermal method. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene@TiO₂–MoS₂ hybrids possess excellent catalytic performance on the electro-redox of H₂O₂ generating more O₂^·– and obtaining optimal ECL intensity of the luminol/H₂O₂ system. Under the appropriate experimental conditions, the quantitative detection range of CYFRA 21–1 was from 0.1 pg mL^–1 to 100 ng mL^–1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.046 pg mL^–1. The present sensor has a lower LOD with a wider linear range, which provides a new analytical assay for the early diagnosis of small-cell-type lung cancer labels.

中文翻译：

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基于 Ti3C2Tx MXene@TiO2–MoS2 杂化物的共反应免疫传感器促进鲁米诺@Au@Ni–Co NCs 电化学发光用于 CYFRA 21–1 检测

该检测方法的构建能够准确检测细胞角蛋白-19 (CYFRA 21-1)，这对于非小细胞肺癌的快速诊断至关重要。在这项工作中，一种新型电化学发光（ECL）免疫传感器基于鲁米诺@Au@Ni-Co纳米笼（NC）作为ECL探针的共反应促进，Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene@TiO ₂ –MoS ₂杂化物作为共反应促进-建议使用反应加速器来检测CYFRA 21-1。 Ni-Co NCs 作为普鲁士蓝类似物的衍生物，由于其高比表面积，可以负载大量的 Au NP、鲁米诺和 CYFRA 21-1 二抗。为了进一步提高所开发的ECL免疫传感器的灵敏度，通过在高导电性Ti ₃ C ₂ T _{x MXene上原位生长TiO 2}纳米片制备了Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene@ TiO ₂ –MoS ₂杂化物，并且MoS ₂通过水热法在Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene@TiO ₂表面均匀生长。 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene@TiO ₂ –MoS _{2杂化物对H 2} O ₂的电氧化还原具有优异的催化性能，产生更多的O ₂ ^·–并获得鲁米诺/H ₂ O ₂体系的最佳ECL强度。在适当的实验条件下，CYFRA 21–1的定量检测范围为0.1 pg mL ^–1至100 ng mL ^–1，检测限（LOD）为0.046 pg mL ^–1。该传感器具有更低的LOD和更宽的线性范围，为小细胞型肺癌标记物的早期诊断提供了新的分析方法。