Recently, a primary challenge hindering the commercialization of direct fuel cells is the development of robust nonplatinum electrocatalysts to improve the performance of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR). In this paper, polyol reduction and high temperature calcination carbonization were used to improve the conductivity of the catalyst by the modification of rare earth Ce. Pd has similar properties to Pt, with one-fifth of the properties of Pt, and the rare earth elements have low electronegativity, making it easy to supply electrons and fill Pd's antibonding orbitals. Rare Earth elements effectively enhance ORR activity by making palladium more metallic. The high-activity, low-cost and high-stability electrocatalytic ORR and FAOR catalysts PdCe/C were designed. After a series of testing methods, the physical properties and electrochemical properties were characterized, and the optimum structure and composition were selected. The stability of the catalyst with the optimal structure and composition was assessed, and it was applied to various composite batteries to verify its capability in practical application.

中文翻译：

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二氧化铈改性钯基催化剂作为氧还原和甲酸氧化的高性能电催化剂

最近，阻碍直接燃料电池商业化的主要挑战是开发强大的非铂电催化剂以提高氧还原反应（ORR）和甲酸氧化反应（FAOR）的性能。本文采用多元醇还原和高温煅烧碳化的方法，通过稀土Ce的改性来提高催化剂的电导率。 Pd的性质与Pt相似，只有Pt性质的五分之一，而且稀土元素的电负性较低，很容易供给电子并填充Pd的反键轨道。稀土元素通过使钯更具金属性，有效增强 ORR 活性。设计了高活性、低成本、高稳定性的电催化ORR和FAOR催化剂PdCe/C。经过一系列的测试方法，对其物理性能和电化学性能进行了表征，并选择了最佳的结构和成分。评估了具有最佳结构和组成的催化剂的稳定性，并将其应用于各种复合电池以验证其在实际应用中的性能。