Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts, notable for their efficient generated charge separation performance, have attracted significant attention for solving environmental pollution. Herein, novel 0D/2D/0D SrTiO/BiOBr/CuO double Z-scheme ternary heterojunction are fabricated via a simple synthetic strategy. The double Z-scheme heterojunction facilitates the separation and migration of photogenerated charges, as confirmed by the photoluminescence (PL), transient photocurrent response (I–T), and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). The catalyst presented in this work exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light, degrading 94.3% of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in 30 min. Moreover, it has a rate constant that is 1.95 and 2.0 times greater than that of SrTiO/BiOBr and BiOBr, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valence band (VB–XPS) and Mott–Schottky (M–S) measurement results provide further insights into the double Z-scheme heterojunction charge-transfer mechanism of SrTiO/BiOBr/CuO. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, free radical capture tests, and identification based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS), the reaction species (h, •OH, and •O) are crucial in the photocatalytic degradation of SDZ and its intermediates. Furthermore, the toxicity of the intermediates was analyzed using mung bean sprouting experiment and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T) software.

中文翻译：

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用于消除磺胺嘧啶的 SrTiO3/BiOBr/Cu2O 双 Z 型的 0D/2D/0D 异质结构：深入了解性能、机制和毒性评估

Z型异质结光催化剂以其高效的电荷分离性能而著称，在解决环境污染方面引起了广泛关注。在此，通过简单的合成策略制备了新型 0D/2D/0D SrTiO/BiOBr/CuO 双 Z 型三元异质结。双Z型异质结有利于光生电荷的分离和迁移，光致发光（PL）、瞬态光电流响应（I-T）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）证实了这一点。这项工作中提出的催化剂在可见光下表现出优异的光催化性能，30 分钟内降解 94.3% 的磺胺嘧啶 (SDZ)。此外，它的速率常数分别是SrTiO/BiOBr和BiOBr的1.95和2.0倍。 X射线光电子能谱价带（VB-XPS）和莫特-肖特基（M-S）测量结果进一步深入了解SrTiO/BiOBr/CuO的双Z型异质结电荷转移机制。根据密度泛函理论（DFT）计算、自由基捕获测试以及基于液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）的鉴定，反应物种（h、·OH和·O）对于光催化降解SDZ及其中间体。此外，利用绿豆发芽实验和毒性估计软件工具（TEST）软件对中间体的毒性进行了分析。