Bisphenols are emerging endocrine disrupting pollutant, and several studies have reported that they are already ubiquitous in various environmental matrices and intend to deposit in sediment. The primary sources of bisphenols are river and sewage discharge. Sea cucumber (), a typical deposit feeder, is one of the most important commercial marine species in Aisa. However, the effects of the bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol AF (BPAF) on sea cucumber was unclear. In this study, we carried out field survey in major sea cucumber farming areas in northern China, with the aim of determining which bisphenol analogue is the major bisphenol contamination in this aquaculture area. The results showed that the presence of BPAF was detected in four sampling sites (Dalian, Tangshan, Laizhou, and Longpan). The mean level of BPAF in Laizhou sediment samples was the highest which reached to 9.007 4.702 g/kg. Among the seawater samples, the BPAF only have been detected in the samples collected at Longpan. (0.011 0.003 g/L). Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the single and combined toxicity of BPA and BPAF on sea cucumbers. The concentrations were informed by the findings based on the results of field research. (0.1, 1.0, and 10 g/L). After exposure, the body weight gain, and specific growth rate showed no significant changes ( > 0.05). We observed the histological alterations in respiratory tree of treated sea cucumbers including the fusion and detachment of lining epithelial tissue, and increase of lumen space. However, the catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) activity was not significantly changed ( > 0.05). We evaluated the effects of BPA and BPAF through calculating the integrated biomarker response index (IBR), and the results indicated that the toxicity of combined treatment was higher than single treatment. Additionally, BPAF exposure to . was more toxic than BPA.

中文翻译：

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环境相关浓度下双酚A和双酚AF对刺参长期单独和联合暴露的慢性毒性评价

双酚是新兴的内分泌干扰污染物，一些研究报告称，它们已经普遍存在于各种环境基质中，并打算沉积在沉积物中。双酚的主要来源是河流和污水排放。海参是典型的沉积性食性动物，是亚洲最重要的商业海洋物种之一。然而，双酚A（BPA）及其类似物双酚AF（BPAF）对海参的影响尚不清楚。本研究对我国北方主要海参养殖区进行了实地调查，旨在确定该养殖区的主要双酚污染是哪种双酚类似物。结果显示，大连、唐山、莱州、龙蟠4个采样点均检测到BPAF的存在。莱州沉积物样品中BPAF的平均含量最高，达到9.007 4.702 g/kg。在海水样品中，仅在龙盘采集的样品中检出BPAF。 （0.011 0.003 克/升）。此外，我们还进行了一项实验来评估BPA和BPAF对海参的单一和联合毒性。这些浓度是根据实地研究结果得出的。 （0.1、1.0 和 10 克/升）。染毒后，体重增加和特定生长率无显着变化（>0.05）。我们观察了处理后的海参呼吸树的组织学变化，包括内层上皮组织的融合和脱离以及管腔空间的增加。然而，过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）活性没有显着变化（> 0.05）。我们通过计算综合生物标志物反应指数（IBR）来评估BPA和BPAF的效果，结果表明联合治疗的毒性高于单一治疗。此外，BPAF 暴露于 .比 BPA 的毒性更大。