Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (AZICs) are considered to be an auspicious electrochemical energy storage device due to their superior cycling stability and high power density, but the inadequate electrolyte ions storage active sites and inconsistent pore sizes of porous carbon materials result in poor energy storage performance. Thus, unveiling the interplay between the heteroatom dopant, carbon vacancy defects, and pore sizes in carbon cathode is essential for promoting the Zn and SO ions storage capability. In this work, N, S co-doped multi-adsorption sites porous carbon materials with abundant vacancy defects (HC-0.2) are successfully prepared by a facile direct activating/annealing method, which exhibit strong interaction adsorption ability and boost ion and electron transfer. In terms of zinc storage performance, the HC-0.2 cathode exhibits a high capacity of 245.8mAh/g at 0.2A/g and a long cycling stability with 82.3 % capacity retention over 10,000 cycles at 10A/g. Moreover, the HC-0.2//Zn device has a supreme energy density of 164.1Wh/kg and an ultrahigh power density of 30.1 kW/kg. Meanwhile, through theoretical calculations, the N, S multi-adsorption sites, a suitable pore size, and vacancy defects of the HC-0.2 cathode are crucial for improving the Zn and SO ions storage capability. This work can provide a comprehensive understanding of the coupling effect of the multi-adsorption sites and vacancy defects of N, S co-doped porous carbon materials on energy storage capability.

中文翻译：

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高性能水系锌离子混合电容器多孔碳阴极空位缺陷与多吸附位点的耦合效应

水系锌离子混合电容器（AZIC）因其优越的循环稳定性和高功率密度而被认为是一种良好的电化学储能装置，但电解质离子存储活性位点不足和多孔碳材料的孔径不一致导致能量较差存储性能。因此，揭示碳阴极中杂原子掺杂剂、碳空位缺陷和孔径之间的相互作用对于提高 Zn 和 SO 离子存储能力至关重要。在这项工作中，通过简便的直接活化/退火方法成功制备了具有丰富空位缺陷的N、S共掺杂多吸附位点多孔碳材料（HC-0.2），该材料表现出强相互作用吸附能力并促进离子和电子转移。在锌储存性能方面，HC-0.2正极在0.2A/g下表现出245.8mAh/g的高容量，在10A/g下表现出10,000次循环后容量保持率为82.3%的长循环稳定性。此外，HC-0.2//Zn器件具有164.1Wh/kg的最高能量密度和30.1kW/kg的超高功率密度。同时，通过理论计算，HC-0.2阴极的N、S多重吸附位点、合适的孔径和空位缺陷对于提高Zn和SO离子存储能力至关重要。该工作可以全面了解N、S共掺杂多孔碳材料的多吸附位点和空位缺陷对储能能力的耦合作用。