Employing ionic liquid-assisted microwave synthesis and moderate heat treatment allows for the preparation of otherwise difficult-to-obtain perovskite-type BaSn_1–xZr_xO₃ solid solutions (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The impact of substituting Sn for the crystal structure, crystallinity, morphology, and photocatalytic performance was investigated. The obtained materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Raman and IR spectroscopy. SEM images show that the morphology of the samples varies from rods for x = 0, 0.2 to spherical for x = 0.5, 0.8, 1. Upon Zr for Sn substitution, the band gap changes from 3.1 to 5.0 eV as the valence and conduction bands move to lower and higher energies. The photocatalytic activities of the BaSn_1–xZr_xO₃ samples in the hydroxylation of terephthalic acid (TA) follow the order BaSn_0.5Zr_0.5O₃> BaSn_0.8Zr_0.2O₃> BaSnO₃> BaSn_0.2Zr_0.8O₃> BaZrO₃. The superior photocatalytic activity of BaSn_0.5Zr_0.5O₃ can be attributed to the synergistically favorable combination of a suitable band structure, band gap size, and increased surface area-to-volume ratio, resulting in a diminished crystalline particle size unattainable from samples prepared via traditional synthetic routes or without ionic liquid.

中文翻译：

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锡酸钡-锆酸盐BaSn1-xZrxO3 (0 ≤ X ≤ 1)固溶体光催化剂的合成与探索

采用离子液体辅助微波合成和适度的热处理可以制备难以获得的钙钛矿型BaSn _{1– x} Zr _x O ₃固溶体（0 ≤ x ≤ 1）。研究了替代Sn对晶体结构、结晶度、形貌和光催化性能的影响。通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) 表面积分析、X 射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、光致发光光谱、拉曼光谱和红外光谱对所得材料进行了表征。 SEM 图像显示，样品的形貌从x = 0、0.2 时的棒状到x = 0.5、0.8、1 时的球形。当 Zr 取代 Sn 时，带隙随着价带和导带的变化从 3.1 eV 变为 5.0 eV移动到更低和更高的能量。 BaSn _{1– x} Zr _x O ₃样品在对苯二甲酸（TA）羟基化反应中的光催化活性遵循以下顺序：BaSn _0.5 Zr _0.5 O ₃ > BaSn _0.8 Zr _0.2 O ₃ > BaSnO ₃ > BaSn _0.2 Zr _0.8 O ₃ >氧化钡₃ . BaSn _0.5 Zr _0.5 O ₃的优异光催化活性可归因于合适的能带结构、带隙尺寸和增加的表面积与体积比的协同有利组合，从而导致制备的样品无法达到的结晶粒径减小通过传统的合成路线或不使用离子液体。