The past few decades have witnessed substantial progress in biomedical materials for addressing health concerns and improving disease therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy. Conventional biomedical materials are typically created through an ex vivo approach and are usually utilized under physiological environments via transfer from preparative media. This transfer potentially gives rise to challenges for the efficient preservation of the bioactivity and implementation of theranostic goals on site. To overcome these issues, the in situ synthesis of biomedical materials on site has attracted great attention in the past few years. Peptides, which exhibit remarkable biocompability and reliable noncovalent interactions, can be tailored via tunable assembly to precisely create biomedical materials. In this review, we summarize the progress in the self-assembly of peptides in living cells for disease diagnosis and therapy. After a brief introduction to the basic design principles of peptide assembly systems in living cells, the applications of peptide assemblies for bioimaging and disease treatment are highlighted. The challenges in the field of peptide self-assembly in living cells and the prospects for novel peptide assembly systems towards next-generation biomaterials are also discussed, which will hopefully help elucidate the great potential of peptide assembly in living cells for future healthcare applications.

中文翻译：

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用于疾病治疗诊断的活细胞中肽的自组装

在过去的几十年里，生物医学材料在解决健康问题和提高疾病治疗和诊断功效方面取得了巨大进展。传统的生物医学材料通常通过离体方法产生，并且通常通过从制备介质转移在生理环境下使用。这种转移可能会给有效保存生物活性和现场实施治疗诊断目标带来挑战。为了克服这些问题，生物医用材料的现场原位合成近年来引起了人们的高度关注。肽表现出卓越的生物相容性和可靠的非共价相互作用，可以通过可调谐组装进行定制，以精确地创建生物医学材料。在这篇综述中，我们总结了活细胞中肽自组装用于疾病诊断和治疗的进展。在简要介绍了活细胞中肽组装系统的基本设计原理后，重点介绍了肽组装在生物成像和疾病治疗中的应用。还讨论了活细胞中肽自组装领域的挑战以及新型肽组装系统对下一代生物材料的前景，这有望有助于阐明活细胞中肽组装在未来医疗保健应用中的巨大潜力。