Most lakes in the world are permanently or seasonally covered with ice. However, little is known about the distribution of microbes and their influencing factors in ice-covered lakes worldwide. Here we analyzed the microbial community composition in the waters of 14 ice-covered lakes in the Hoh Xil region of northern Qing-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), and conducted a meta-analysis by integrating published microbial community data of ice-covered lakes in the tripolar regions (the Arctic, Antarctica and QTP). The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial diversity, community composition and distribution patterns in the ice-covered tripolar lakes. Microbial diversity and richness were lower in the ice-covered QTP lakes (including the studied lakes in the Hoh Xil region) than those in the Arctic and Antarctica. In the ice-covered lakes of Hoh Xil, prokaryotes are mainly involved in S-metabolic processes, making them more adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. In contrast, prokaryotes in the ice-covered lakes of the Arctic and Antarctica were predominantly involved in carbon/nitrogen metabolic processes. Deterministic (salinity and nutrients) and stochastic processes (dispersal limitation, homogenizing dispersal and drift) jointly determine the geographical distribution patterns of microorganisms in ice-covered lakes, with stochastic processes dominating. These results expand the understanding of microbial diversity, distribution patterns, and metabolic processes in polar ice-covered lakes.

中文翻译：

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三极冰湖微生物差异及其影响因素

世界上大多数湖泊都永久或季节性地被冰覆盖。然而，人们对全球冰湖中微生物的分布及其影响因素知之甚少。本文对青藏高原北部可可西里地区14个冰湖水域的微生物群落组成进行了分析，并结合已发表的青藏高原可可西里地区冰湖微生物群落数据进行了荟萃分析。三极地区（北极、南极洲和青藏高原）。结果表明，冰覆盖的三极湖泊微生物多样性、群落组成和分布格局存在显着差异。青藏高原冰层湖泊（包括可可西里地区的研究湖泊）的微生物多样性和丰富度低于北极和南极洲的微生物多样性和丰富度。在可可西里冰雪覆盖的湖泊中，原核生物主要参与S-代谢过程，使其更能适应极端环境条件。相比之下，北极和南极洲冰雪覆盖的湖泊中的原核生物主要参与碳/氮代谢过程。确定性（盐度和营养盐）和随机过程（扩散限制、均匀扩散和漂移）共同决定了冰湖中微生物的地理分布模式，其中随机过程占主导地位。这些结果扩大了对极地冰雪覆盖湖泊中微生物多样性、分布模式和代谢过程的理解。