Organic acids are important compounds with numerous applications in different industries. This work presents a comprehensive review of the biological synthesis of oxalic acid, an important organic acid with many industrial applications. Due to its important applications in pharmaceuticals, textiles, metal recovery, and chemical and metallurgical industries, the global demand for oxalic acid has increased. As a result, there is an increasing need to develop more environmentally friendly and economically attractive alternatives to chemical synthesis methods, which has led to an increased focus on microbial fermentation processes. This review discusses the specific strategies for microbial production of oxalic acid, focusing on the benefits of using bio-derived substrates to improve the economics of the process and promote a circular economy in comparison with chemical synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various fermentation methods, fermenting microorganisms, and the biochemistry of oxalic acid production. It also highlights key sustainability challenges and considerations related to oxalic acid biosynthesis, providing important direction for further research. By providing and critically analyzing the most recent information in the literature, this review serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the biosynthesis of oxalic acid, addressing critical research gaps, and future advances in the field.

中文翻译：

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生物源底物草酸的应用和生物合成最新进展的全面综述


有机酸是重要的化合物，在不同行业中有广泛的应用。这项工作全面回顾了草酸的生物合成，草酸是一种具有许多工业应用的重要有机酸。由于草酸在制药、纺织、金属回收以及化学和冶金工业中的重要应用，全球对草酸的需求不断增加。因此，越来越需要开发更环保且经济上有吸引力的化学合成方法替代品，这导致人们越来越关注微生物发酵过程。本综述讨论了微生物生产草酸的具体策略，重点讨论了与化学合成相比，使用生物源底物提高工艺经济性并促进循环经济的好处。本综述对各种发酵方法、发酵微生物以及草酸生产的生物化学进行了全面分析。它还强调了与草酸生物合成相关的关键可持续性挑战和考虑因素，为进一步研究提供了重要方向。通过提供和批判性地分析文献中的最新信息，这篇综述可以作为了解草酸生物合成、解决关键研究空白和该领域未来进展的综合资源。