BACKGROUNDCrop quality, yield and farmer income are reduced by soil‐borne diseases, nematodes and weeds, although these can be controlled by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a plant‐derived soil fumigant. However, its efficacy against soil‐borne pathogens varies, mainly because of its chemical instability and uneven distribution in the soil. Formulation modification is an effective way to optimize pesticide application. We encapsulated AITC in modified diatomite granules (GR) and measured the formulation's loading content and stability, environmental fate and efficacy against soil‐borne pathogens, and its impact on the growth and yield of tomatoes.RESULTSWe observed that an AITC loading content in the granules of 27.6% resulted in a degradation half‐life of GR that was 1.94 times longer than 20% AITC emulsifiable concentrate in water (EW) and shorter than AITC technical (TC) grade. The stable and more even distribution of GR in soil resulted in relatively consistent and acceptable control of soil‐borne pathogens. Soil containing AITC residues that remained 10–24 days after GR fumigation were not phytotoxic to cucumber seeds. GR significantly reduced soil‐borne pest populations, and tomato growth and yield increased as AITC dosage increased. GR containing an AITC dose of 20 g m−2 effectively controlled pathogens in soil for about 7 months and improved tomato yield by 108%.CONCLUSIONOur research demonstrates the benefits of soil fumigation with loaded AITC over other formulations for effective pest control, and improved tomato plant growth and fruit yield. Fumigant encapsulation appears to be a useful method to improve pest and disease control, environmental performance and fumigant commercial sustainability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

中文翻译：

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封装的异硫氰酸烯丙酯可改善土壤分布、对抗土传病原体的功效和番茄产量

背景土壤传播的疾病、线虫和杂草会降低作物质量、产量和农民收入，尽管这些可以通过异硫氰酸烯丙酯（AITC）（一种植物源土壤熏蒸剂）来控制。然而，其对土传病原体的功效各不相同，主要是因为其化学不稳定且在土壤中分布不均匀。剂型修改是优化农药施用的有效途径。我们将 AITC 封装在改性硅藻土颗粒 (GR) 中，并测量了配方的负载量和稳定性、环境归趋和对土传病原体的功效，及其对番茄生长和产量的影响。 结果我们观察到颗粒中 AITC 的负载量27.6% 导致 GR 的降解半衰期比 20% AITC 乳油水溶液 (EW) 长 1.94 倍，比 AITC 工业级 (TC) 短。土壤中GR的稳定和更均匀的分布导致对土传病原体的控制相对一致和可接受。 GR 熏蒸后 10-24 天残留的含有 AITC 残留的土壤对黄瓜种子没有植物毒性。 GR 显着减少了土传害虫种群，并且随着 AITC 剂量的增加，番茄生长和产量增加。含有 20 克 AITC 剂量的 GR−2有效控制土壤中的病原体约 7 个月，番茄产量提高 108%。结论我们的研究表明，与其他制剂相比，使用负载 AITC 的土壤熏蒸可有效控制害虫，并改善番茄植株生长和果实产量。熏蒸剂封装似乎是改善病虫害控制、环境绩效和熏蒸剂商业可持续性的有用方法。 © 2024 化学工业协会。