As is known, the electrochemical energy storage capability of carbon-based material significantly depends on its intrinsic nitrogen configuration. In this work, the nitrogen configuration in hollow carbon skeleton was controlled by heteroatom phosphorus doping, realized in successfully synthesized N–P co-doping hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNS-NP) samples. When used in K-ion battery, the prepared HCNS-NP electrode retains a discharge capacity of ∼338.8 mA h g at a current density of 100 mA g. Furthermore, it achieves a reversible capacity of 180.6 mA h g at a high current density of 1000 mA g, even after 1000 cycles. Both experimental and DFT results support that phosphorus doping promote the formation of pyrrole-N within the samples, instead of pyridine-N or graphite-N, which accounts for the enhancement in K-ion conductance and eventually K-ion storage performance. The research opens up a new platform in modifying nitrogen configurations in disordered carbon materials, which should be attractive to the electrochemical, catalysis and material communities.

中文翻译：

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杂原子掺杂控制的具有优化氮构型的中空碳纳米球用于高性能钾离子存储

众所周知，碳基材料的电化学储能能力很大程度上取决于其固有的氮构型。在这项工作中，通过杂原子磷掺杂控制中空碳骨架中的氮构型，并在成功合成的N-P共掺杂中空碳纳米球（HCNS-NP）样品中实现。当用于K离子电池时，所制备的HCNS-NP电极在100 mA g-1的电流密度下保持~338.8 mA h g-1的放电容量。此外，即使经过1000次循环，它在1000 mA g-1的高电流密度下仍能实现180.6 mAh g-1的可逆容量。实验和DFT结果都支持磷掺杂促进了样品中吡咯-N的形成，而不是吡啶-N或石墨-N，这解释了K离子电导的增强以及最终K离子存储性能的增强。该研究开辟了一个修改无序碳材料中氮构型的新平台，这对电化学、催化和材料界应该具有吸引力。