Abstract

The hippocampus is a vital brain structure deep in the medial temporal lobe that mediates a range of functions encompassing emotional regulation, learning, memory, and cognition. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations and adverse conditions during pregnancy and at birth, including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), acute hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), and intrauterine inflammation. Disruptions to hippocampal development due to these conditions can have long-lasting functional impacts. Here, we discuss a range of preclinical models of prematurity and FGR and conditions that induce hypoxia and inflammation, which have been critical in elucidating the underlying mechanisms and cellular and subcellular structures implicated in hippocampal dysfunction. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of these perinatal insults on the developing hippocampus.

Impact

• The review explores the preclinical literature examining the association between pregnancy and birth complications, and hippocampal form and function.

• The developmental processes and cellular mechanisms that are disrupted within the hippocampus following perinatal compromise are described, and potential therapeutic targets are discussed.

中文翻译：

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围产期受损会影响海马体第二部分的发育、形态和功能；临床前研究

摘要

海马体是位于内侧颞叶深处的重要大脑结构，负责调节情绪调节、学习、记忆和认知等一系列功能。海马发育对怀孕和出生期间的干扰和不利条件极其敏感，包括早产、胎儿生长受限（FGR）、急性缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）和宫内炎症。这些情况导致的海马体发育中断可能会产生长期的功能影响。在这里，我们讨论了一系列早产和 FGR 的临床前模型以及诱发缺氧和炎症的条件，这些模型对于阐明海马功能障碍的潜在机制以及细胞和亚细胞结构至关重要。最后，我们讨论了潜在的治疗目标，以减轻这些围产期损伤对发育中的海马体的负担。

影响

• 该综述探讨了检查妊娠和出生并发症以及海马形态和功能之间关系的临床前文献。

• 描述了围产期受损后海马内被破坏的发育过程和细胞机制，并讨论了潜在的治疗靶点。