Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of cellular functions that increase the risk of developing chronic diseases, vascular dysfunction, and neurodegenerative conditions. The field of geroscience has identified cellular and molecular hallmarks of aging that may serve as targets for future interventions to reduce the risk of age-related disease and disability. These hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Several studies show that exercise may favorably impact these processes and thereby have anti-aging properties. The primary mechanisms through which exercise confers protective benefits in the brain are still incompletely understood. To better understand these effects and leverage them to help promote brain health, we present current findings supporting the notion that adaptive responses to exercise play a pivotal role in mitigating the hallmarks of aging and their effects on the aging cerebrovasculature, and ultimately contribute to the maintenance of brain function across the health span.

中文翻译：

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运动减缓脑血管衰老：老年科学的视角

衰老的特点是细胞功能逐渐丧失，从而增加患慢性疾病、血管功能障碍和神经退行性疾病的风险。老年科学领域已经确定了衰老的细胞和分子特征，这些特征可以作为未来干预措施的目标，以降低与年龄相关的疾病和残疾的风险。这些标志包括基因组不稳定、端粒磨损、表观遗传改变、蛋白质稳态丧失、营养感应失调、线粒体功能障碍、细胞衰老、干细胞耗竭和细胞间通讯改变。多项研究表明，运动可能会对这些过程产生有利影响，从而具有抗衰老特性。运动对大脑产生保护作用的主要机制尚不完全清楚。为了更好地理解这些影响并利用它们来帮助促进大脑健康，我们提出了当前的研究结果，支持这样的观点：运动的适应性反应在减轻衰老特征及其对衰老脑血管系统的影响方面发挥着关键作用，并最终有助于维持大脑健康。整个健康范围内的大脑功能。