Chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) jeopardize water quality and pose a potential risk to human health. However, the specific response of CRB to chlorination and chloramination remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we analyzed 16 S rRNA sequencing data from water samples before and after chlorination and chloramination taken between January and December 2020. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated all finished water samples. After chloramination, , , , and were the dominant CRB, whereas , , , , and were prevalent after chlorination. Over 75% of the CRB , , , and were shared between the chlorination and chloramination, involving potentially pathogens, such as and . Notably, certain genera such as , , and were enriched as strong CRB after chloramination, whereas , , , , and others were enriched after chlorination according to LEfSe analysis. The shared CRB correlated with temperature, pH, and turbidity, displaying a seasonal pattern with varying sensitivity to chlorination and chloramination in cold and warm seasons. These findings enhance our knowledge of the drinking water microbiome and microbial health risks, thus enabling better infectious disease control through enhanced disinfection strategies in DWTPs.

中文翻译：

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饮用水处理厂加氯与氯胺处理后耐药菌的比较分析

饮用水处理厂 (DWTP) 中的抗氯细菌 (CRB) 会危害水质并对人类健康构成潜在风险。然而，CRB 对氯化和氯胺化的具体反应仍不清楚。因此，我们分析了 2020 年 1 月至 12 月期间采集的加氯和氯胺处理前后水样的 16 S rRNA 测序数据。变形菌门和厚壁菌门在所有成品水样中占主导地位。氯胺化后， 、 、 、 和 是主要的 CRB，而 、 、 、 、 和 是氯化后普遍存在的 CRB。超过 75% 的 CRB 、 、 、 和 在氯化和氯胺之间共享，涉及潜在病原体，例如 和 。值得注意的是，根据 LEfSe 分析，某些属如 、 、 和 在氯胺化后富集为强 CRB，而 、 、 、 和其他属在氯化后富集。共享的 CRB 与温度、pH 值和浊度相关，表现出季节性模式，在冷季和暖季对氯化和氯胺化的敏感性不同。这些发现增强了我们对饮用水微生物组和微生物健康风险的了解，从而通过加强分布式污水处理厂的消毒策略来更好地控制传染病。