Abstract

Pregnant individuals with viral illness may experience significant morbidity and have higher rates of pregnancy and neonatal complications. With the growing number of viral infections and new viral pandemics, it is important to examine the effects of infection during pregnancy on both the gestational parent and the offspring. Febrile illness and inflammation during pregnancy are correlated with risk for autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and developmental delay in the offspring in human and animal models. Historical viral epidemics had limited follow-up of the offspring of affected pregnancies. Infants exposed to seasonal influenza and the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus experienced increased risks of congenital malformations and neuropsychiatric conditions. Zika virus exposure in utero can lead to a spectrum of abnormalities, ranging from severe microcephaly to neurodevelopmental delays which may appear later in childhood and in the absence of Zika-related birth defects. Vertical infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has occurred rarely, but there appears to be a risk for developmental delays in the infants with antenatal exposure. Determining how illness from infection during pregnancy and specific viral pathogens can affect pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes of offspring can better prepare the community to care for these children as they grow.

Impact

• Viral infections have impacted pregnant people and their offspring throughout history.

• Antenatal exposure to maternal fever and inflammation may increase risk of developmental and neurobehavioral disorders in infants and children.

• The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic stresses the importance of longitudinal studies to follow pregnancies and offspring neurodevelopment.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期病毒感染及其对后代神经发育的影响：机制和经验教训

摘要

患有病毒性疾病的孕妇可能会出现显着的发病率，并且妊娠和新生儿并发症的发生率较高。随着病毒感染和新的病毒大流行的数量不断增加，检查怀孕期间感染对妊娠父母和后代的影响非常重要。在人类和动物模型中，怀孕期间的发热性疾病和炎症与自闭症、注意力缺陷/多动症以及后代发育迟缓的风险相关。历史上的病毒流行对受影响妊娠的后代的追踪有限。接触季节性流感和 2009 H1N1 流感病毒的婴儿患先天畸形和神经精神疾病的风险增加。子宫内暴露于寨卡病毒可导致一系列异常，从严重的小头畸形到神经发育迟缓，神经发育迟缓可能出现在儿童后期并且没有寨卡相关出生缺陷的情况下。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的垂直感染很少发生，但产前暴露的婴儿似乎存在发育迟缓的风险。确定怀孕期间感染和特定病毒病原体引起的疾病如何影响怀孕和后代的神经发育结果，可以让社区更好地为照顾这些儿童的成长做好准备。

影响

• 纵观历史，病毒感染一直影响着孕妇及其后代。

• 产前接触母亲发烧和炎症可能会增加婴儿和儿童发育和神经行为障碍的风险。

• 最近的 SARS-CoV-2 大流行强调了追踪妊娠和后代神经发育的纵向研究的重要性。