Redox reactions play fundamental roles in life and are at the core of metabolism. Thus, observing and quantifying these reactions is crucial for diagnostics and therapy. Recent advances in inorganic fluorescent nanoprobes have revolutionized the field, enabling diagnostics by providing reliable tools for real-time, quantitative determination of redox biomolecule levels in biological samples and cells. Due to their high stability, these probes are also widely used in bioimaging, providing real-time information for diagnostics and guiding treatment of diseases associated with redox biomolecules. This review explores the diverse landscape of inorganic fluorescent nanoprobes designed for the detection of biologically relevant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The discussion is divided into several sections, each focusing on nanoprobes tailored for specific oxidative species. The impact of tailored nanoprobes in diagnostics and imaging-guided treatment depends on their chemical composition, surface property, and fluorescence mechanism. The discussions highlight the current strengths and weaknesses, which will help to design more efficient redox-responsive inorganic fluorescent nanoprobes in the future.

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用于血清诊断和生物成像的氧化还原响应无机荧光纳米探针

氧化还原反应在生命中发挥着重要作用，是新陈代谢的核心。因此，观察和量化这些反应对于诊断和治疗至关重要。无机荧光纳米探针的最新进展彻底改变了该领域，通过提供可靠的工具来实时定量测定生物样品和细胞中的氧化还原生物分子水平，从而实现诊断。由于其高稳定性，这些探针也广泛应用于生物成像，为诊断提供实时信息并指导与氧化还原生物分子相关的疾病的治疗。本综述探讨了用于检测生物相关活性氧和氮物种的无机荧光纳米探针的多样性。讨论分为几个部分，每个部分都重点关注针对特定氧化物质定制的纳米探针。定制纳米探针在诊断和成像引导治疗中的影响取决于其化学成分、表面特性和荧光机制。讨论强调了当前的优点和缺点，这将有助于将来设计更高效的氧化还原响应无机荧光纳米探针。