Exposure to nerve agents (NAs) through breathing or skin contact is extremely dangerous and can be fatal within a minute due to irreversible binding to acetylcholinesterase. The colorless and odorless properties of these chemical agents make timely response challenging. However, visualizing these agents on contaminated surfaces provides a straightforward way of identifying and responding to noxious threats. This article comprehensively reviews advancements in NA sensor technologies and developments in detection methods with focus on the emergence of innovative sprayable sensors and provides an overview of advanced chemosensors tailored for sprayable applications. The utilizable compounds are classified as polymers, enzymes, organic or inorganic dyes, or nanoparticles. These chemosensors provide unparalleled convenience and versatility and overcome the limitations of traditional instruments. The applicability of current state-of-the-art chemosensors as sprayable sensors is assessed and discussed, and the importance of these innovative technologies in terms of improving human and animal safety and detoxification is emphasized.

中文翻译：

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用于神经毒剂检测的喷雾传感器的进展

通过呼吸或皮肤接触接触神经毒剂 (NA) 是极其危险的，由于与乙酰胆碱酯酶不可逆结合，可能在一分钟内致命。这些化学试剂无色无味的特性使得及时响应具有挑战性。然而，在受污染的表面上观察这些物质提供了一种识别和应对有害威胁的直接方法。本文全面回顾了 NA 传感器技术的进步和检测方法的发展，重点关注创新型喷雾传感器的出现，并概述了为喷雾应用量身定制的先进化学传感器。可利用的化合物分为聚合物、酶、有机或无机染料或纳米颗粒。这些化学传感器提供了无与伦比的便利性和多功能性，并克服了传统仪器的局限性。评估和讨论了当前最先进的化学传感器作为可喷雾传感器的适用性，并强调了这些创新技术在改善人类和动物安全和解毒方面的重要性。