Transition metal-based nanozymes, which exhibit intrinsic enzyme-like capacities, have several advantages over natural enzymes, including excellent stability, abundant metal sources, controllable activity, and inexpensive preparation processes. Nanozymes are characterized by interesting physicochemical properties, including photoluminescence, superparamagnetism, and special optical properties. Recently, various transition metal-based nanozyme platforms have been developed to target single or multiple substrates. The catalytic properties of nanozymes can be regulated by microenvironmental factors such as pH, oxygenation level, and concentration of HO, and also by a magnetic field, light, ultrasound, and heat. Thus, nanozyme signals can be maximized and tailored for disease diagnosis and treatment. Prompted by these inherent advantages, new approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics are emerging and gaining momentum. In this review, we summarize the preparation, catalytic mechanisms, and properties of transition metal-based nanozymes and highlight their emerging biomedical applications, including disease diagnosis, cancer therapy, imaging, and antibacterial infections. We anticipate that this review will be significant for improving our understanding of the capacities of metal-based nanozymes and motivating broader applications in several biomedical fields.

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过渡金属纳米酶：分类、催化机制和新兴生物医学应用

过渡金属纳米酶表现出内在的类酶能力，与天然酶相比具有多种优势，包括优异的稳定性、丰富的金属来源、可控的活性和廉价的制备过程。纳米酶具有有趣的物理化学性质，包括光致发光、超顺磁性和特殊的光学性质。最近，已经开发了各种基于过渡金属的纳米酶平台来靶向单个或多个底物。纳米酶的催化特性可以通过 pH、氧合水平和 H2O 浓度等微环境因素以及磁场、光、超声波和热来调节。因此，纳米酶信号可以最大化并针对疾病诊断和治疗进行定制。在这些固有优势的推动下，新的诊断、治疗和治疗诊断方法不断涌现并势头强劲。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过渡金属纳米酶的制备、催化机制和特性，并重点介绍了它们新兴的生物医学应用，包括疾病诊断、癌症治疗、成像和抗菌感染。我们预计这次综述对于提高我们对金属纳米酶能力的理解并推动其在多个生物医学领域的更广泛应用具有重要意义。