SummaryType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, causing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with related complications and anti‐diabetes drug prescriptions. Recently, it was demonstrated that T2DM can be put into remission via significant weight loss using low‐carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low‐energy diets (VLEDs) in individuals with overweight and obesity. Clinical trials demonstrated remission rates of 25–77%, and metabolic improvements such as improved blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed. In contrast, clinical trials showed that remission rate declines with time, concurrent with weight gain, or diminished weight loss. This review aims to discuss existing literature regarding underlying determinants of long‐term remission of T2DM including metabolic adaptations to weight loss (e.g., role of gastrointestinal hormones), type of dietary intervention (i.e., LCDs or VLEDs), maintaining beta (β)‐cell function, early glycemic control, and psychosocial factors. This narrative review is significant because determining the factors that are associated with challenges in maintaining long‐term remission may help in designing sustainable interventions for type 2 diabetes remission.

中文翻译：

---

长期饮食诱导 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 缓解的生理和心理决定因素：叙述性回顾

摘要 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 是一种高度流行的代谢性疾病，给全世界的医疗保健系统造成沉重负担，并伴有相关并发症和抗糖尿病药物处方。最近，研究表明，对于超重和肥胖的个体，通过使用低碳水化合物饮食 (LCD) 和极低能量饮食 (VLED) 显着减轻体重，可以使 T2DM 得到缓解。临床试验表明缓解率为 25-77%，并且观察到血脂状况和血压改善等代谢改善。相反，临床试验表明，缓解率随着时间的推移而下降，同时体重增加或体重减轻减少。本综述旨在讨论有关T2DM长期缓解的潜在决定因素的现有文献，包括减肥的代谢适应（例如胃肠激素的作用）、饮食干预类型（即LCD或VLED）、维持β（β）‐细胞功能、早期血糖控制和心理社会因素。这篇叙述性回顾很重要，因为确定与维持长期缓解的挑战相关的因素可能有助于设计可持续的 2 型糖尿病缓解干预措施。