Exosomes, carrying distinctive biomolecules reflective of their parent cell's status and origin, show promise as liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, their clinical translation remains challenging due to their relatively low concentration in body fluids. Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has recently gained significant attention as a label-free and sensitive technique for exosome analysis. This review explores label-free SERS for exosome detection, covering exosome isolation and characterization methods, advancements in SERS substrates, and fingerprint analysis techniques using machine learning. Furthermore, we emphasize the challenges and offer insights into the future prospects of SERS-based exosome analysis to enhance cancer diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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使用基于 SERS 的无标记外泌体分析进行癌症诊断

外泌体携带反映其母细胞状态和起源的独特生物分子，有望作为癌症诊断的液体活检生物标志物。然而，由于它们在体液中的浓度相对较低，其临床转化仍然具有挑战性。表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）作为一种用于外泌体分析的无标记且灵敏的技术，最近受到了极大的关注。本综述探讨了用于外泌体检测的无标记 SERS，涵盖外泌体分离和表征方法、SERS 底物的进展以及使用机器学习的指纹分析技术。此外，我们强调了基于 SERS 的外泌体分析所面临的挑战，并对增强癌症诊断的未来前景提供了见解。