Exosomes, which are small vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer and released by many cell types, are widely dispersed and have garnered increased attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to serve as indicators of diseases and agents with therapeutic potential. Exosomes play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication through the transfer of many biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA, and other molecular constituents, between cells. The targeted transport of proteins and nucleic acids to specific cells has the potential to enhance or impair specific biological functions. Exosomes have many applications, and they can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. The examination of the unique attributes and many functions of these factors has emerged as a prominent field of study in the realm of biomedical research. This manuscript summarizes the origins and properties of exosomes, including their structural, biological, physical, and chemical aspects. This paper offers a complete examination of recent progress in tissue repair and regenerative medicine, emphasizing the possible implications of these methods in forthcoming tissue regeneration attempts.

中文翻译：

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用于组织再生的工程外泌体和复合生物材料

外泌体是由脂质双层包围并由许多细胞类型释放的小囊泡，广泛分散，并且由于其能够作为疾病的指示剂和具有治疗潜力的药物而在再生医学领域引起了越来越多的关注。外泌体通过细胞间许多生物分子（包括蛋白质、脂质、RNA 和其他分子成分）的转移，在介导细胞间通讯方面发挥着至关重要的作用。将蛋白质和核酸靶向运输至特定细胞有可能增强或损害特定的生物功能。外泌体有很多应用，它们可以单独使用或与其他治疗方法结合使用。对这些因素的独特属性和许多功能的检查已成为生物医学研究领域的一个突出研究领域。本手稿总结了外泌体的起源和特性，包括其结构、生物学、物理和化学方面。本文对组织修复和再生医学的最新进展进行了全面的审查，强调了这些方法在即将进行的组织再生尝试中可能产生的影响。