Inhalation of welding fumes (WFs) containing high levels of transition metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni…) is associated with numerous health effects including oxidative stress. However, the measurements of the oxidative potential (OP) and bioaccessibility of WF transition metals depend on several physicochemical parameters and may be subject to several experimental artifacts. In this work, we investigated the influence of the experimental conditions that may affect the bioaccessibility of transition metals and their OP on stainless-steel WF extracts. WFs were produced using a generation bench and sampled on filters. The soluble fraction of the metals was analysed. Two different extraction fluids mimicking physiological pulmonary conditions were studied: phosphate buffer and Hatch's solution. Three extraction times were tested to determine the optimal time for a significant OP^DTT using the dithiothreitol (DTT) method. The storage conditions of WFs after filter sampling such as duration, temperature and atmospheric conditions were investigated. The results indicate that experimental conditions can significantly affect the OP^DTT and metal bioaccessibility analyses. Cr, Cu and Ni show higher solubility in Hatch's solution than in the phosphate buffer. Mn is highly sensitive to DTT and shows close solubility in the two fluids. An extraction time of 0.5 h in phosphate buffer allows a better sensitivity to OP^DTT, probably by limiting complexations, interactions between metals and precipitation. Storage time and temperature can influence the physical or chemical evolution of the WFs, which can affect their OP^DTT and Mn solubility. However, storage under N₂(g) limits these changes. On-line measurements of OP^DTT could provide an alternative to filter sampling to overcome these artifacts.

中文翻译：

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影响焊接烟雾中过渡金属生物可及性和氧化电位的实验因素

吸入含有高含量过渡金属（Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni…）的焊接烟雾 (WF) 会对健康产生多种影响，包括氧化应激。然而，WF 过渡金属的氧化电位 (OP) 和生物可及性的测量取决于多个物理化学参数，并且可能受到多个实验伪影的影响。在这项工作中，我们研究了可能影响过渡金属及其 OP 对不锈钢 WF 提取物的生物可及性的实验条件的影响。 WF 使用生成台生成并在过滤器上采样。分析了金属的可溶部分。研究了两种模拟肺部生理状况的不同提取液：磷酸盐缓冲液和哈奇溶液。使用二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 方法测试了三个提取时间，以确定显着 OP ^DTT的最佳时间。研究了过滤采样后WF的储存条件，如持续时间、温度和大气条件。结果表明，实验条件可以显着影响 OP ^DTT和金属生物可及性分析。 Cr、Cu 和 Ni 在 Hatch 溶液中的溶解度高于在磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶解度。 Mn 对 DTT 高度敏感，并且在两种液体中表现出接近的溶解度。在磷酸盐缓冲液中提取 0.5 小时的时间可以提高对 OP ^DTT的灵敏度，这可能是通过限制络合、金属之间的相互作用和沉淀来实现的。储存时间和温度会影响 WF 的物理或化学演化，从而影响其 OP ^DTT和 Mn 溶解度。然而，N ₂ (g)下的储存限制了这些变化。 OP ^DTT的在线测量可以提供过滤采样的替代方案来克服这些伪影。