Metal-halide perovskites, exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic properties, have emerged as a highly promising class of semiconductors for diverse applications. However, the inherent instability caused by ion migration has raised significant concerns, impeding further commercialization. This notorious phenomenon has been widely reported in lead (Pb²⁺)-halide perovskite devices, resulting in instability issues such as hysteresis, phase segregation, localized doping, and electrochemical reactions. Interestingly, recent efforts have revealed that ion migration appears to be less severe, or even negligible, in tin (Sn²⁺)-perovskite counterparts. In this Perspective, we delve into the cross-linked universe of defect chemistry and ion migration theory, uncovering the potential mechanisms connecting these unique properties. Combined with their eco-friendly nature and promising optoelectrical characteristics, Sn²⁺-halide perovskites hold immense potential for advancing renewable energy and stable optoelectronic devices.

中文翻译：

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卤化锡钙钛矿中的离子迁移

金属卤化物钙钛矿表现出卓越的光电特性，已成为一种非常有前途的半导体，适用于各种应用。然而，离子迁移引起的固有不稳定性引起了人们的严重关注，阻碍了进一步的商业化。这种臭名昭著的现象已在铅（Pb ²⁺）卤化物钙钛矿器件中广泛报道，导致诸如磁滞、相偏析、局部掺杂和电化学反应等不稳定问题。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，锡 (Sn ²⁺ )-钙钛矿对应物中的离子迁移似乎不太严重，甚至可以忽略不计。在本视角中，我们深入研究了缺陷化学和离子迁移理论的交联宇宙，揭示了连接这些独特性质的潜在机制。结合其环保特性和良好的光电特性，Sn ²⁺卤化物钙钛矿在推进可再生能源和稳定光电器件方面具有巨大的潜力。