To estimate adverse childhood experience (ACE) prevalence among children and adolescents aged 6–17 years in the United States, to examine factors influencing the prevalence of ACEs over the time period 2016–2019, and to examine the difference in bullying trends compared to ACEs in the NSCH. The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) is a cross-sectional survey. Participants included respondents who completed the separate surveys for ages 6–11 and 12–17 from 2016 to 2019. Cumulative ACEs were analyzed to determine the change in prevalence of having at least one ACE, overall and stratified by age group. Overall prevalence was highest among income difficulties (16–26 %); parent/guardian divorced or separated (29–31 %); and bullying (21–48 %). There was a significant time trend for income difficulties (decreased; < 0.001), lived with anyone with a mental illness (increased; = 0.004), racial/ethnic mistreatment (increased; p = 0.004), and bullying (increased; < 0.001). Cumulative prevalence trends without bullying decreased significantly from 2016 to 2019 while prevalence trends for bullying increased significantly during this time frame. Sex, age, and race/ethnicity were significantly associated with some of the ACEs. Trend of ACEs varies as prevalence of some ACEs increased while decreasing for others over time. Also, ACEs appear to affect children and adolescents differently according to sex, age group, and racial/ethnic background, which warrants the need to prioritize efforts to decrease the exposure to ACEs.

中文翻译：

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全国儿童健康调查中欺凌行为与 ACE 的比较：检查 2016-2019 年儿童和青少年的患病率趋势

估算美国 6-17 岁儿童和青少年的不良童年经历 (ACE) 患病率，研究 2016-2019 年期间影响 ACE 患病率的因素，并研究与 ACE 相比欺凌趋势的差异在 NSCH 中。全国儿童健康调查 (NSCH) 是一项横断面调查。参与者包括 2016 年至 2019 年完成 6-11 岁和 12-17 岁年龄段单独调查的受访者。对累积 ACE 进行分析，以确定至少拥有一项 ACE 的总体患病率变化并按年龄组分层。收入困难人群的总体患病率最高（16-26%）；父母/监护人离婚或分居（29-31%）；和欺凌（21-48%）。收入困难（减少；< 0.001）、与患有精神疾病的人住在一起（增加；= 0.004）、种族/民族虐待（增加；p = 0.004）和欺凌（增加；< 0.001）存在显着的时间趋势。 2016 年至 2019 年，不存在欺凌行为的累积流行趋势显着下降，而在此期间，欺凌行为的流行趋势显着上升。性别、年龄和种族/民族与一些 ACE 显着相关。 ACE 的趋势各不相同，随着时间的推移，一些 ACE 的患病率增加，而另一些 ACE 的患病率则下降。此外，ACE 似乎对不同性别、年龄组和种族/民族背景的儿童和青少年产生不同的影响，这需要优先考虑减少 ACE 接触的努力。