A blood-based multi-biomarker approach reveals different physiological responses of common kestrels to contrasting environments,Environmental Research

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A blood-based multi-biomarker approach reveals different physiological responses of common kestrels to contrasting environments
Environmental Research ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118674
Laura Giovanetti ₁ , Ilaria Caliani ₁ , Gianluca Damiani ₂ , Giacomo Dell'Omo ₃ , David Costantini ₄ , Silvia Casini ₁

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The increase of urbanization and agricultural activities is causing a dramatic reduction of natural environments. As a consequence, animals need to physiologically adjust to these novel environments, in order to exploit them for foraging and breeding. The aim of this work was to compare the physiological status among nestling common kestrels ( that were raised in nest-boxes located in more natural, rural, or urban areas in a landscape with a mosaic of land uses around Rome in Central Italy. A blood-based multi-biomarker approach was applied to evaluate physiological responses at multiple levels, including antioxidant concentrations, immunological functions, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. We found lower concentrations of glutathione and GSH:GSSG ratio values and higher proportions of monocytes in urban birds compared to the other areas. We also found higher DNA damage in rural compared to urban and natural krestels and inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity in urban and natural birds compared to rural area. Finally, we found similar values among study areas for respiratory burst, complement system, bactericidal capacity, and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that (i) city life does not necessarily cause physiological alterations in kestrels compared to life in other habitats, and (ii) environmental pressures are likely to differ in typology and intensity across habitats requiring specific responses that a multi-biomarker approach can help to detect. Further studies are needed to assess which factors are responsible for the physiological differences among city, rural, and natural birds, and whether these differences are consistent across time and space.

中文翻译：

基于血液的多生物标志物方法揭示了普通红隼对对比环境的不同生理反应

城市化和农业活动的增加正在导致自然环境急剧减少。因此，动物需要在生理上适应这些新环境，以便利用它们进行觅食和繁殖。这项工作的目的是比较普通红隼雏鸟的生理状况（这些红隼是在位于意大利中部罗马周围土地利用马赛克景观中更自然、农村或城市地区的巢箱中饲养的。基于多生物标志物的方法用于评估多个水平的生理反应，包括抗氧化剂浓度、免疫功能、遗传毒性和神经毒性，我们发现与城市鸟类相比，城市鸟类的谷胱甘肽和 GSH:GSSG 比率值浓度较低，单核细胞比例较高。我们还发现，与城市和自然鸟类相比，农村地区的 DNA 损伤更高，并且与农村地区相比，城市和自然鸟类的丁酰胆碱酯酶活性受到抑制。最后，我们发现研究区域之间的呼吸爆发、补体系统、杀菌能力相似。这些结果表明，（i）与其他栖息地的生活相比，城市生活不一定会导致红隼的生理变化，（ii）不同栖息地的环境压力可能在类型和强度上有所不同。需要多生物标志物方法可以帮助检测的特定反应。需要进一步的研究来评估哪些因素导致城市、农村和自然鸟类之间的生理差异，以及这些差异在时间和空间上是否一致。

更新日期：2024-03-16

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