Healthcare system is undergoing a significant transformation from a traditional hospital-centered to an individual-centered one, as a result of escalating chronic diseases, ageing populations, and ever-increasing healthcare costs,. Wearable sensors have become widely used in health monitoring systems since the COVID-19 pandemic. They enable continuous measurement of important health indicators like body temperature, wrist pulse, respiration rate, and non-invasive bio fluids like saliva and perspiration. Over the last few decades, the development has mostly concentrated on electrochemical and electrical wearable sensors. However, due to the drawbacks of such sensors, such as electronic waste, electromagnetic interference, non-electrical security, and poor performance, researchers are exhibiting a strong interest in optical principle-based systems. Fiber-based optical wearables are among the most promising healthcare systems because of advancements in high-sensitivity, durable, multiplexed sensing, and simple integration with flexible materials to improve wearability and simplicity. We present an overview of recent developments in optical fiber-based wearable sensors, focusing on two mechanisms: wavelength interrogation and intensity modulation for the detection of body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, body movements, and biomedical noninvasive fluids, with a thorough examination of their benefits and drawbacks. This review also focuses on improving working performance and application techniques for healthcare systems, including the integration of nanomaterials and the usage of the Internet of Things (IoT) with signal processing. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of the future possibilities and problems for optical fiber-based wearables.

中文翻译：

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用于智能健康监测的光纤可穿戴传感器的进展

由于慢性病的增加、人口老龄化和医疗费用的不断增加，医疗保健系统正在经历从传统的以医院为中心到以个人为中心的重大转变。自 COVID-19 大流行以来，可穿戴传感器已广泛应用于健康监测系统。它们能够连续测量重要的健康指标，例如体温、手腕脉搏、呼吸频率以及唾液和汗液等非侵入性生物液体。在过去的几十年里，发展主要集中在电化学和电气可穿戴传感器上。然而，由于此类传感器存在电子浪费、电磁干扰、非电气安全性和性能差等缺点，研究人员对基于光学原理的系统表现出了浓厚的兴趣。基于光纤的光学可穿戴设备是最有前途的医疗保健系统之一，因为它在高灵敏度、耐用、多路传感方面取得了进步，并且与柔性材料简单集成以提高可穿戴性和简单性。我们概述了基于光纤的可穿戴传感器的最新发展，重点关注两种机制：用于检测体温、脉搏率、呼吸率、身体运动和生物医学无创流体的波长询问和强度调制，并进行了彻底的检查他们的优点和缺点。本次审查还重点关注改善医疗保健系统的工作性能和应用技术，包括纳米材料的集成以及物联网 (IoT) 与信号处理的使用。最后，本次回顾讨论了基于光纤的可穿戴设备的未来可能性和问题。