Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change on plant-pathogen interactions are a major challenge for the agriculture of the 21st century. Prediction models forecast an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) levels by 2100 that could reach 1045 ppm. Plant physiology is directly affected by an increase of atmospheric CO as plants are living organisms that consume CO through photosynthesis to produce organic matter. Since the early days of agriculture, plant diseases can alter not only quality of plant productions but can also be responsible for important yield losses. Plant viruses are obligate, acellular pathogens that cause serious epidemics in major agricultural crops with annual yield losses of more than $ 30 billion. As elevated concentration of atmospheric CO (eCO) modulates plant primary and secondary metabolisms and as viruses are obligate pathogens, it is likely that eCO can modulate plant molecular defenses to viruses. In that context, the present review focuses on the effect of eCO on plant physiological and molecular responses to virus infections. First, we will compare the different experimental methodologies used to study the impact of eCO enrichment on plant-virus interactions and discuss the different designs applied for experiments. We will also present the impact of eCO on virus-infection parameters in infected plants and describe the impact of combined abiotic stresses, including eCO and temperature, on plant-virus interactions.

中文翻译：

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深入了解大气二氧化碳含量升高对植物-病毒相互作用的影响：文献综述

了解和预测气候变化对植物-病原体相互作用的影响是 21 世纪农业面临的重大挑战。预测模型预测，到 2100 年，大气中二氧化碳 (CO) 的含量可能会增加到 1045 ppm。植物生理学直接受到大气二氧化碳增加的影响，因为植物是通过光合作用消耗二氧化碳来产生有机物的生物体。自农业发展初期以来，植物病害不仅会改变植物生产的质量，还会造成严重的产量损失。植物病毒是专性的非细胞病原体，会在主要农作物中引起严重的流行病，造成年产量损失超过 300 亿美元。由于大气二氧化碳 (eCO) 浓度升高会调节植物的初级和次级代谢，并且病毒是专性病原体，因此 eCO 很可能可以调节植物对病毒的分子防御。在此背景下，本综述重点关注 eCO 对植物对病毒感染的生理和分子反应的影响。首先，我们将比较用于研究 eCO 富集对植物-病毒相互作用的影响的不同实验方法，并讨论应用于实验的不同设计。我们还将介绍 eCO 对受感染植物中病毒感染参数的影响，并描述组合非生物胁迫（包括 eCO 和温度）对植物-病毒相互作用的影响。